Twenty Years Later (1984)

1. "A MAN SIGNED TO DIE"

2. It's an underdeveloped country

3. Underdeveloped, underdeveloped...

4. April, 1962.

5. This was filmed when the National Union of Students convoy

6. drove around the country to discuss the university reform.

7. With them went members of the students' Popular Culture Center

8. whose aim was to encourage local cultural centers in the states.

9. Images of poverty in contrast with imperialism

10. were a typical tendency of the art of those times.

11. "Song of Underdevelopment" is a good example.

12. As a member of the Center and responsible for these shots

13. I have paid my tribute to the nationalism of those times.

14. I filmed an oil field

15. exploited by Petrobras in Alagoas State.

16. On April 14th, the students arrived in Paraiba.

17. Two weeks before, Joao Pedro Teixeira,

18. founder and leader of the Sape Peasant League, had been murdered.

19. The day after our arrival a protest rally against the murder

20. was held in Sape, a town 30 miles from the capital.

21. Elizabeth Teixeira, Joao Pedro's widow,

22. attended the rally with 6 of her 11 children.

23. The people assembled in front of

24. the Small Farmers and Farm Workers Association

25. known as the Peasant League.

26. At that time the Sape League was the largest one

27. with over 7,000 members.

28. The league had been registered 3 years before

29. as a civil corporation in private law.

30. As rural syndicalism was a non-existent right

31. the peasants found in the leagues

32. the only legal way to channel their demands.

33. Elizabeth Teixeira was 37.

34. Joao Pedro was 44 when he died.

35. Before the peasants went to the rally

36. I made my first contact with Elizabeth.

37. I had a short talk with her at the League.

38. Higher rents, forced labor without payment

39. eviction without compensation

40. the use of violence by big landowners.

41. In the struggle against all of this

42. Joao Pedro forged the unity of the country people.

43. It was this day that inspired a feature film on his life.

44. It would be called "A Man Signed to Die".

45. Produced by the Students' Center

46. and the Pernambuco Popular Culture Movement

47. the film would be made on location with the true characters.

48. Elizabeth and her children would play themselves.

49. Two years later everything was ready for filming.

50. But on January 15th, 1964

51. there was a skirmish in Sape

52. among the police and guards from the sugar-mill

53. and the peasants.

54. 11 people were killed.

55. The region was occupied by the Paraiba Military Police.

56. So filming was impossible.

57. The emergency forced me to move the location

58. and I found the ideal spot in Pernambuco State

59. at the Galilea sugar-mill where a first league was founded in 1955.

60. When we arrived there

61. some 50 kilometers from Recife, the capital we again prepared for filming.

62. With the League's permission and the help of local people

63. we chose the locations and actors.

64. On February 26, 1964

65. when we shot the first take

66. we had a cast able to give time to the film.

67. Now they owned their land, thanks to a 4 year struggle

68. that ended in the expropriation of Galilea.

69. Joao Mariano, playing Joao Pedro Teixeira

70. was not from Galilea.

71. After being fired from a sugar-mill

72. he moved to Vitoria, the nearest town.

73. He was a Protestant like Joao Pedro.

74. We hired him along with 5 of his children.

75. These shots were to be used

76. to open the film with the credits.

77. The original plan to work with the people involved

78. now only included Elizabeth as herself.

79. She came to Pernambuco with us.

80. 35 days after shooting had begun

81. on April 1, work was stopped by the 1964 military coup.

82. Only 40 per cent of the script had been shot.

83. Galilea was raided and its leaders imprisoned.

84. Some of our crew were also arrested.

85. But most fled to Recife and then to Rio de Janeiro.

86. Film equipment, negatives, rush print

87. tapes, scripts and notes... all were confiscated.

88. But most of the printed negative was saved

89. because it had been sent to the lab in Rio.

90. 8 stills were also saved by one of the crew.

91. 2 years later I received a copy of the script.

92. It was rescued by a lawyer for the Paraiba leagues

93. when she was held in a barracks in August 1964.

94. February, 1981.

95. 17 years later I returned to Galilea to finish the film.

96. There was no script.

97. Just the idea to try and find the people

98. who had worked on the film before.

99. I intended to get statements on the past

100. including facts linked to the interruption of the film

101. the true story of Joao Pedro's life

102. Sape and Galilea's struggle

103. and people's experiences since that time.

104. Only 2 who started the fight in Galilea are still alive.

105. Jose Hortencio da Cruz and Joao Virginio Silva

106. who is illiterate, but a sort of tribal memory.

107. The first meeting...

108. It was him... and his brother-in-law...

109. his nephew and me.

110. We got together here, talking...

111. in this very place.

112. I told my story and what ideas I had

113. about founding a society to take care of the dead.

114. Because here the dead were buried in a coffin lent by the mayor.

115. We took the body to the cemetery and then the coffin back.

116. We called the coffin Lolo.

117. We'd borrow it from the mayor to bury people.

118. Galilea was a disused sugar-mill the land divided into small lots.

119. There, lived 150 families of tenants

120. who did subsistence farming.

121. The owner lived in Recife.

122. The tenants paid a yearly rent.

123. Rent increases were also a cause of the League.

124. We got together, we had meetings.

125. We met by the road, by the weir, in houses. Everywhere.

126. Then we got to the room of this lad's father.

127. A room in old Zeze's house.

128. Old Zeze gave me the room so as we could meet.

129. We put down our aims and the name:

130. The charitable society for the dead

131. the Pernambuco Planter's Agricultural Society.

132. You couldn't call anything a union or else you'd be dead.

133. Jose Francisco de Souza

134. The respected administrator of the mill for over 30 years

135. was elected chairman.

136. The owner of Galilea evicted all the tenants

137. when he realized that the League

138. had also aims of mutual assistance.

139. So the people looked for a lawyer to defend their rights.

140. That was how I sought justice.

141. Didn't find it in Victoria, but in the State Courts.

142. The Chairman of the Courts gave me a deputy, Juliao.

143. He came, took over and looked after it.

144. Things were getting better and people came

145. who were thrown out of the mills.

146. They all came for help. Galilea has a society

147. for the country workers.

148. The lawyer's a real tough guy.

149. So the men came

150. and we gave them cover.

151. After 4 years the mill owner gave up.

152. He made out he was going to sell up.

153. So we went to the deputy and he said:

154. "I'll put it before the Chamber

155. and we'll see what we can do about it."

156. There was a real set-to. A real hullabaloo.

157. One shouted they wouldn't expropriate Galilea

158. because it would mean

159. expropriating several Galileas because

160. the idea would spread like wildfire throughout Brazil

161. and people would get hooked on the idea.

162. They'd get organized

163. and forced the authorities to purchase other property.

164. - Yes, fortunately we won. - Fortunately.

165. They voted for us.

166. The expropriation for social reasons

167. was carried out in December, 1959

168. by a fair compensation in money as the Constitution rules.

169. Galilea became a symbol of the peasant movement.

170. But even today the people have not received the deeds.

171. After our arrival in Galilea

172. we showed what film we had to the mill community

173. in 1962 and 1964.

174. The actors were our special guests.

175. Jose Daniel do Nascimento, 67

176. moved to Galilea when he was thrown out of a neighboring mill.

177. His child had sucked some sugarcane without permission.

178. Braz Francisco da Silva, 52

179. was one of the leaders of the Galilea struggle.

180. He doesn't live here anymore.

181. He had to run away in 1964 and is now rarely seen.

182. Joao Virginio is greeted by Bia, 56

183. who left Galilea in 1975 and never returned.

184. He was a mill watchman, and now is a quarry watchman.

185. Joao Mariano Santana da Silva, 59

186. who played Joao Pedro, had not been here since 1964.

187. He meets these people only at Victoria's fair, where he lives.

188. He has come with his grandchildren.

189. Everything was shown as it had been filmed

190. out of order, unfinished scenes, repetitions etc.

191. Don't talk about him 'cause he's behind you!

192. Saturday night was the only time to get them together.

193. Some had come a long way, to see the show.

194. Mariano... It's him.

195. - Yes, it's Mariano. - Isn't? I recognized him.

196. They reveled in identifying the characters

197. 17 years younger.

198. - Gonna fight? - Yes, now it's the time!

199. It's a real maven, isn't it?

200. Ze Daniel still lives in Galilea.

201. His house was used as the main set: Joao Pedro's house.

202. Did you like the film the other day?

203. - Did you enjoy the movie? - On Saturday? It was good.

204. What did you think?

205. I thought it was very nice, very interesting.

206. All I have borne on duty...

207. - When did you become a protestant? - I'm a believer...

208. After the revolution. Wasn't it on April 1 st?

209. On May 25th I gave myself to Jesus.

210. - What are you? Baptist? - The Assembly of God.

211. Look at Braz!

212. You remember when we made the film?

213. I remember well. We had such a good time...

214. - What did you think? - It was really good.

215. But I missed the sound.

216. Braz Francisco da Silva is the only prosperous one.

217. On his 10 acre farm he grows vegetables

218. which he sells in Recife.

219. 6 of his children live in Sao Paulo

220. and 3 people help him.

221. Working since he was 8, now he is tired and wants to sell.

222. I want to sell up.

223. If anyone shows up... Want to buy it?

224. Who? Me? How much are you asking?

225. For around 3 million I'll sell.

226. For 3 million cruzeiros up.

227. Braz, known by his neighbors as Joao

228. fled from Galilea in 1964 and changed his name

229. to avoid persecution.

230. Braz is disillusioned with political activity

231. and no longer likes Galilea or remembering the past.

232. It's Cicero!

233. Look! Cicero Anastacio!

234. He's down south and we're seeing him here!

235. Limeira, Sao Paulo State.

236. Cicero Anastacio da Silva.

237. - When did you start here? - May 5th, last year.

238. - What do you do? - Iron rolling.

239. - Why did you move south? - I was employed there,

240. but I lost my job and was 6 months unemployed.

241. I moved south last year, in March.

242. Are you happy here? Have you got used to it?

243. Up to now I'm satisfied.

244. No one get mad at me, not even the boss.

245. No one says anything against me. Not so far.

246. - Don't you want to come back? - I'd like to.

247. I'd like to very much.

248. It's very cold here. The wife can't abide it.

249. I only haven't sent her back because I can't.

250. I had my home and friends in the north.

251. We had our causes

252. our movement, we used to talk about, decide what to do.

253. We used to talk. But here I have no one.

254. Only thing I did was buy a TV to watch.

255. I like to watch the news

256. to know what's going on.

257. That's all I like to watch.

258. The only actor from Galilea who could read and write

259. Cicero was also a production assistant.

260. What do you remember of the film?

261. What do I remember? I remember

262. the scene I did roofing that house.

263. The other asked me, and I answered:

264. "Dried meat's so expensive. How can we live?"

265. I picked up a roof tile and passed it up to the roof.

266. Roofing the house and asking me...

267. Then I answered:

268. "Dried meat's so expensive. How can we live?"

269. Did you think we'd be back to finish the film?

270. I always hoped you would come back.

271. I used to think about it. My mother was still alive.

272. "My son, that time will never come." I'd say: "Stop it, Mom...

273. You only don't see those who are dead.

274. Those who are alive, you see."

275. - Elizabeth Teixeira, right? - So it is! Look at her!

276. Although they had not seen her since 1964

277. the participants in the film recognized her at once.

278. Elizabeth had disappeared 17 years before.

279. Not even her family or her old friends in the League

280. knew where she had gone.

281. Her eldest son, Abraham, was the only one who knew.

282. I went to find Abraham in Patos, Paraiba State

283. where he is a journalist.

284. After making many demands, he agreed to take the film crew

285. to his mother's house.

286. We went to the border and entered Rio Grande do Norte State

287. still not knowing where we were being taken.

288. After 4 hours of very bad roads

289. we glimpsed a village near the Piranhas River.

290. It was Sao Rafael, a good hideout.

291. 480 miles from Sape and over 800 from Galilea.

292. The town has only 3,000 people and no television.

293. Elizabeth lived there with her son, Carlos

294. the only one she had brought with her.

295. She had changed her name to Marta Maria da Costa.

296. Elizabeth wasn't expecting me.

297. I began by showing her the stills that remained from the film.

298. - How did you get this? - This is what was saved.

299. The photographer hid them and so, saved them.

300. I'm surprised.

301. I thought they had hidden everything.

302. They got the originals but not the copy.

303. I mean: The original was in Rio. They got the copy in...

304. Ma, acknowledge President Figueiredo's liberalization.

305. - Yes. President Figueiredo... - We're here thanks to him.

306. Thanks to him I'm here with you now.

307. The only government that deserves all our dignity... right?

308. For having given the right for political prisoners

309. outside Brazil to come back to their families.

310. Today, here I am

311. with my son, meeting you, Coutinho, again.

312. I never expected to see you today in my house.

313. And who do we have to thank?

314. I had no hope left

315. of ever meeting even my children again.

316. I was afraid. I've suffered a lot.

317. You'll bear witness to that. I suffered a lot.

318. I was persecuted a lot.

319. They wanted to... to exterminate me.

320. - Have you been here long? - 16 years.

321. You came here 16 years ago?

322. After the movement I had to run away here.

323. It was pretty difficult. Everyone was after me.

324. I couldn't stay in Recife.

325. Things got better when I came here.

326. I hid. No one knew who I was.

327. Nobody here knew who I was. Now they know.

328. You all know. When I came here

329. I wasn't going to say I had children. To some people

330. I said I had children and my husband had been killed.

331. But before I kept quiet. I said nothing.

332. But, thank God, here I am now telling the story.

333. And Joao Pedro and Pedro the farmer... these...

334. Ma, I don't want to influence you...

335. But all regimes are the same...

336. if you don't have political protection.

337. They are all rustic,

338. violent, arbitrary

339. dependending on your economic situation.

340. All factions forgot Elizabeth Teixeira

341. simply because she had no power.

342. This is her eldest son's protest.

343. This film must record my vehement objection...

344. something for which my mother's heart lacks

345. intellectual and expressive capacity.

346. I'll record everything the family wants to say.

347. I want you to record our rejection to all systems.

348. It will be recorded. I guarantee it.

349. - No system helps the poor. - None.

350. I was thin, in black.

351. That same night we showed Elizabeth

352. her two sons and her neighbors the films from the past.

353. Elizabeth planting peanuts!

354. Abraham watched without interfering.

355. That one plays my husband.

356. The boys are happy!

357. Ah, my God...

358. No. That's the family who plays that part!

359. Our arrival for the second day of filming with Elizabeth.

360. In all, it was 3 days.

361. On the first Abraham made his presence felt

362. especially at the beginning. He didn't come for the rest.

363. Elizabeth told her life story in two stages:

364. With and without Abraham.

365. In the living-room and in the backyard.

366. Is Elizabeth in?

367. Come here, Elizabeth.

368. How's the class going?

369. - The class is here. We're... - Everything all right?

370. Is it good?

371. Not many kids yet. Today's the first day. They'll know

372. who the teachers are. Less kids came today. Want to come in?

373. Come on in.

374. Let's see if the light's good enough.

375. Right. How are things in the city?

376. Last night I laid thinking in bed.

377. I spoke bad yesterday. But I was upset.

378. I should have started like you wanted.

379. From the beginning. How we met and got married

380. and moved to Jaboatao. Should have waited for today.

381. We'll do it again today. Got a yard here?

382. Yes. Come in and have a look.

383. Elizabeth had only the elementary school

384. and was teaching some children to read and write.

385. You remember what year you got married?

386. The year... 1942.

387. How did you meet Joao Pedro Teixeira?

388. I met him in my father's store. He was buying there.

389. We started courting

390. and eventually we got married.

391. - Was your father against it? - Yes, he was.

392. Was it true you had to run away?

393. What was that all about?

394. I eloped. My father never agreed to the marriage.

395. I eloped.

396. And so you went to the Massangana sugar mill?

397. - Joao Pedro went to work there? - Yes.

398. - What did he do? - He worked in the quarry.

399. - He worked in the quarry. - On the sugar mill land.

400. - When did you go to Cavaleiro? - That was in 1945.

401. It was no good, so we moved and he worked in a quarry...

402. in the outskirts of Recife.

403. Joao Pedro became friends with Manoel Serafim.

404. They were neighbors. They went to the same church

405. and worked together. Manoel still lives and works there.

406. In Cavaleiro, Jaboatao, in greater Recife.

407. He was not very dark

408. with wild curly hair... yes, rather wild.

409. He had rather wiry hair.

410. He was built kind of...

411. He was big built. His face was sort of wide...

412. A round face with a forehead

413. that shows these people are good, you know.

414. A person you can rely on.

415. A high forehead, without being bald.

416. Was he lively?

417. He was big built. Maybe stronger than him.

418. Muscular... muscular arms.

419. We lived in Recife.

420. He began his political life in Recife.

421. He took part in workers' unions...

422. - At the quarry? - At the quarry.

423. Workers at the quarry.

424. In Cavaleiro he already had those ideas of his.

425. His idea of always being on the workers' side.

426. Of working for the worker.

427. Fighting for the Union and workers' demands.

428. So they stopped giving him work.

429. They started clamping down.

430. He left to Paraiba

431. to be chairman of the League.

432. So I said to him:

433. "There's dangerous people there.

434. You'll come to a bad end."

435. And he said: "I don't want to die...

436. But I'm not afraid to get shot for such things.

437. It can happen.

438. I could get shot.

439. But it's better than dying of starvation."

440. So Daddy sent for us

441. and Joao Pedro tried to set up the League.

442. He organized the peasant's league in 1958.

443. 1958, 1959, 1960...

444. 1961, 1962, and then he was killed.

445. What was the farm like? Was it your father's?

446. The farm we lived on was Daddy's.

447. - How big was it? - I don't know how many acres.

448. - Was it small? - It was small.

449. - Could Joao Pedro write? - Yes. Read and write. A bit.

450. Was he a Protestant when you got married?

451. - He became one later? - Later.

452. - In Jaboatao? - Yes. He got into it there.

453. He spent a lot of time at it.

454. Then he threw himself into politics.

455. He concentrated on the leagues and left the church.

456. Until one day, when he was arrested by the Army...

457. they asked him questions from the Bible and he answered.

458. "So you are a true Protestant. You answer everything I'm asking."

459. - You stayed Catholic all the time? - Yes.

460. - Never fought over religion? - Not once.

461. He accepted it. He would say

462. he wouldn't baptize the children.

463. They'd be pagans. I accepted it. No problem.

464. He worked on the farm. He lived and worked on the farm.

465. Only in his free time on Saturdays and Sundays

466. would he go out, or they'd come here

467. to discuss things

468. and he'd ask them how they were surviving.

469. Others came to tell him they had been thrown off

470. that the owner had evicted them out of hand.

471. He'd say, "Friends, we must unite.

472. United we can put an end to this style.

473. That the owners can take our fields, but unless we unite.

474. They'll keep on doing it."

475. Market day was meeting day. He'd call the people.

476. I stayed in the League, stamping cards,

477. signing them, asked who wanted to join, the payments...

478. In this sequence of "A Man Signed to Die"

479. a group of peasants led by Joao Pedro

480. were discussing rent increases with the administrator.

481. The dialogue was created by the actors

482. through an improvisation before filming.

483. What's all this about?

484. You shouldn't have come in a convoy.

485. When you come to pay, let just one come. It looks bad.

486. I'll change your housing situation.

487. You're very close to one another.

488. We pay right but you want to put it up.

489. You're the leader, Joao Pedro. These ideas of yours!

490. He's not the leader.

491. But according to the agreement he can make a reasonable appeal.

492. We have no choice in the matter.

493. Look, I'm very upset with you about all this.

494. You're upset?

495. You shouldn't be.

496. I bury your sons and put your wives in hospital.

497. You have everything you need.

498. You need a stronger argument than that.

499. You don't think. You don't seem to have any sense.

500. You're half-witted and get in the way.

501. - I want to settle this! - Mill owners don't die

502. and administrators don't die. Only peasants die.

503. We don't want a fight with you, but we can't pay.

504. You know you're mine and I'm yours.

505. I want you to be satisfied.

506. I don't want a fight. The land is all ours.

507. But I won't sign this idea of no rent increase.

508. I can only sign when the boss gets back from town in a week.

509. I have my orders.

510. We can wait a week, can't we?

511. According to what his answer is, then we'll decide.

512. Let's think about it. Life is sweet.

513. Go back home. Talk about it and forget it. We're together.

514. Next week we'll be back to hear his answer.

515. The day will come when you won't be able to keep on doing this.

516. So your father argued with Joao Pedro?

517. - Yes. - They didn't see each other?

518. Dad said he wanted to take the land.

519. Take what wasn't his.

520. I explained but Dad said it wasn't right.

521. And Dad really fought with him.

522. We had some cattle at home.

523. Dad had sent it there to look after the milking.

524. Dad had it sent away.

525. He sold the farm to Antonio Vitor

526. so we had to go away.

527. Dad said: "Get some land and go live there."

528. It was all very unfair there.

529. What was unfair?

530. They used to kill the country workers.

531. They were thrown out without any rights.

532. People got persecuted.

533. You couldn't even go out to work.

534. You were persecuted, saw people die

535. and families abandoned in the fields

536. while they took over the plantations.

537. I met Alfredo at the League. He was a member.

538. He was a fighter and very long-suffering.

539. Pedro Ramos put pressure on him.

540. Until one day, in the fields

541. he met the landowner's hired thugs

542. who attacked and killed him.

543. When they threw stones at the door you sang, right?

544. They banged on the door and called for Joao Pedro to open up.

545. They said the lawyer was waiting for him.

546. Do you remember the song you sang?

547. - Yes, I remember. - What was it like?

548. Lady, why is your Baby a-crying?

549. He's full up and a-crying 'cause he wants his milk

550. Lady, why is your Baby a-crying?

551. He's full up and a-crying 'cause he wants a smack

552. He was arrested several times.

553. And he got misattentive...

554. One day when I was teaching the kids

555. he sat outside on the porch, bare-chested.

556. Several policemen arrived.

557. Several policemen.

558. There was no time. They got him.

559. They took him off, bare-chested and all.

560. He believed in the struggle.

561. The big landowners offered him money.

562. So he would give up the fight.

563. They would give him another... any way of surviving.

564. I remember this day and night.

565. What he suffered and never gave in.

566. He never came home and said:

567. "Elizabeth, I regret it." That, never!

568. He was as solid as a rock.

569. He said: "I'm planning a meeting for Saturday."

570. I said: "It's not possible.

571. To prepare the meeting." He said:

572. "I will." I said: "Count me in."

573. He got a jeep and went around the farms

574. and that day we had our biggest protest rally.

575. He believed the big landowners would kill him.

576. One day I called him:

577. "Joao Pedro, let's leave the State.

578. We can't go on. It's too difficult.

579. People say that

580. the landowners are thinking on killing you.

581. They say the day you're killed.

582. They'll cut your ear off and make a drink of it.

583. That can't be. Let's leave

584. and go down south."

585. He looked at me and said:

586. "You and the kids are here.

587. You've got the pictures as a souvenir.

588. But I ain't gonna chicken out.

589. I'm positive they're gonna kill me.

590. I can see hate in their faces.

591. Wherever I go they're grouching.

592. I can see their wrath.

593. I know I've had it.

594. They're gonna kill me sure as eggs.

595. Now, I'll tell you something:

596. They'll do it cowardly."

597. It was on April 2nd... a Monday...

598. He was going to make a deal with the lawyer

599. about the land we lived on

600. and about which we disagreed with the owner.

601. He'd been called by the lawyer and was going to pick up

602. the eldest boy's books at the same time. He started high school.

603. He brought my books, did he?

604. You're a real teacher to me,

605. and you are a school. This is, for me

606. my strength, my reason for living

607. being able to talk to Mr Coutinho

608. fighting with him over 100,000 cruzeiros

609. over 50,000, 10,000, 20,000, 100,000.

610. I could fight for 10 million if necessary.

611. Why? Not only was my father a saint

612. but I have a mother... Well, you can see...

613. Forgive the interruption. Go on.

614. When he was killed on the Cafe do Vento road

615. they even shot up the books he was carrying.

616. They were covered in blood.

617. He was smoking when he was shot.

618. About 8 o'clock, the papers had the news.

619. A big report on him.

620. Everyone bought it.

621. And it said:

622. "Chairman of the Paraiba League shot."

623. And his name was there like an important person's.

624. And we all felt so sad.

625. As if the sun had stopped. And that cold serenity...

626. the sadness of snatching a life and leaving emptiness

627. without joy, that everyone felt.

628. You only heard of his death next day. Why?

629. The reasons...

630. I think the landowners tried to cover it up.

631. And our friends, I think...

632. when they heard, they also didn't...

633. didn't have the courage to come and tell me.

634. How did you react?

635. - Did you go wild? - That's it.

636. I could hardly believe it.

637. I went to the town where he was

638. together with Abraham.

639. We walked, and got transport half-way.

640. I went to the morgue where he was, dead.

641. He was riddled with bullet wounds. Horrible.

642. So sad.

643. His ear was still full of mud

644. and there was a pool of blood on the floor.

645. The criminals were never punished?

646. There was no punishment.

647. Joao Pedro Teixeira was ambushed and killed...

648. on April 2nd, 1962

649. by two soldiers of the Military Police. Another participant

650. was a cowhand from landowner Agnaldo Veloso Borges's ranch.

651. The judge in Sape ordered Agnaldo's arrest

652. as one of the instigators of the crime.

653. But he got off by taking a chair on the Legislative Assembly.

654. Agnaldo was the fifth vice-deputy.

655. One deputy and 4 vices resigned to allow him into office.

656. In March, 1965

657. the 2 policemen who killed Joao Pedro

658. were unanimously acquitted by the jury.

659. The film started an hour ago and everyone's attentive.

660. Joao Virginio and his wife... Braz... Bia...

661. Ze Daniel... Joao Mariano...

662. Joao Mariano was the only one who was not politically active.

663. When we asked him to do the film we told him who Joao Pedro was.

664. He accepted at once because he had been thrown out of a mill

665. and was unemployed.

666. He gradually began to identify with the part.

667. He is leader of a Baptist church in Victoria.

668. I interviewed him by surprise the day after the film.

669. Well, you see...

670. I don't take part

671. in certain movements.

672. I got into this movement 16 years ago, for instance

673. through the mill where this movement arrived.

674. Just a minute. There's too much wind. Cut.

675. Start again. What you said was perfect.

676. Don't worry, Mariano. Tell us how you live.

677. OK, Mr Mariano?

678. OK, Mr Mariano?

679. I think you know all about it. I didn't want to be involved.

680. I was at the mill, because of the league and so on.

681. I left the mill to avoid getting mixed up in it all.

682. When I got to the town, you came looking for me.

683. So I took on this... let's say... career

684. without knowing what I was doing.

685. Then I realized it was all about property

686. land, and so on. Because I don't need land.

687. I've got my bit. I live without meddling with A or B.

688. But when you came... you were so nice to me...

689. I was interested in the work, not for this revolution business.

690. And that's that.

691. That had nothing to do with it. Tell me...

692. How do you live now?

693. Off my own bat. I have no mill boss over me.

694. And I want nothing to do with them, either.

695. That's my life.

696. Were you a Protestant at that time?

697. Yes. That's why the church rejected me.

698. I was excluded from it. I was very upset.

699. That's why I don't want to go on with it.

700. I can believe you're recording what I'm saying

701. but you can see from my face that I'm not

702. that dedicated to this movement.

703. How long have you been a Protestant?

704. - 28 years. - The Baptist Church?

705. Yes, sir.

706. Once bitten, twice shy.

707. I was once disappointed. Why would I be again?

708. Why were you so disappointed?

709. Because the church wouldn't support the movement.

710. I don't want revolution. Just peace and quiet.

711. Everyone to their own life. Let sleeping dogs lie.

712. That's how it is.

713. - You sell a few things at home? - Waste of time!

714. You weren't harmed by making the film, were you?

715. No, not harmed.

716. Except by the mill owner.

717. In the revolution he was after me and wanted to kill me.

718. Because of a case in 1963?

719. Because they compensated me at the mill...

720. Not because of the film. I wasn't called by anyone.

721. I wasn't disappointed. Only by the church.

722. Did you enjoy seeing yourself on the film?

723. I enjoyed it, yes. You do, don't you? I mean the fruits of your work.

724. I live by my work. My part was natural, wasn't it?

725. Not something to harm A or B.

726. So I enjoyed it because I saw the fruits of my work.

727. Elizabeth went to the south, 20 days after her husband was killed.

728. On May 5th, 1962, in Brasilia

729. she spoke to the parliamentary commission on agrarian affairs.

730. I had to go to Rio

731. to take part in the Enquiry Commission.

732. When I arrived in Rio

733. I went on to Brasilia.

734. There, the Deputies and the President

735. thought I had to take Joao Pedro's place to support my children

736. and to boost the League.

737. I was the widow of the leader.

738. I went on. I said I would take over even if I died.

739. Even if I died.

740. So I took over and worked at it.

741. In my fight I protested against Joao Pedro's assassination

742. and that of all his colleagues who had died.

743. I was arrested.

744. Not by one, or two or three policemen.

745. They shot at my feet.

746. They shot at my feet.

747. Even so, I didn't stop but got into the car.

748. When I got there, they asked me some stupid questions.

749. They asked me how I got on with things overseas. Rubbish!

750. That was probably Elizabeth's last rally.

751. The rally took place at the beginning of 1964.

752. To celebrate the founding of the Rural Union of Taipu,

753. near Sape.

754. In answer to the peasant movement

755. the Government encouraged rural unionization.

756. 2 weeks after this demonstration there was the conflict near Sape

757. which didn't allow filming in the area.

758. A month later, in February 1964

759. Elizabeth came to Pernambuco for the filming in Galilea.

760. 200,000 PEOPLE

761. These were the last scenes filmed

762. on March 31 st, 1964.

763. It was when Joao Pedro gathered the peasants

764. to discuss the formation of the Sape League.

765. Three shots only were filmed.

766. First, when Elizabeth served coffee.

767. Then, when she hears a noise outside and goes to see.

768. The last is when she comes back and says:

769. "There are people out there."

770. - There are people out there! - There are people out there!

771. - There are people out there! - There are people out there!

772. There are people out there!

773. - And then? - March 31 st, huh?

774. March 31 st and here we are surrounded by the Army.

775. Not from Pernambuco, but the Army from Paraiba.

776. No one knew any soldiers here.

777. They walked in. Not by car. They all walked in.

778. Everybody ran. There were soldiers everywhere.

779. Just looking for 3 people: Joao Virginio, Zeze and Rosario.

780. They only wanted those 3.

781. And the film people, but didn't get them.

782. That's who they most wanted, the film people.

783. - And your father's house? - It was over there.

784. The house was over there.

785. It isn't there anymore. Very old.

786. We built in again someplace else.

787. Ze Daniel's house was Joao Pedro's in the film.

788. The film equipment was kept there.

789. I went through, the wood up there

790. and I shouted to Daniel's son:

791. "Duda! Tell them they're coming!

792. The troops are all coming behind.

793. They're nearly there."

794. Duda was playing football, but came up...

795. and gave the message. You left.

796. I walked over but they weren't coming.

797. When I got there, you were climbing the hills.

798. The film crew had already gone.

799. They were hiding in the wood behind that hill.

800. The troops arrived. When I looked from up there

801. I saw 3 Army trucks.

802. About 8 at night.

803. I heard thuds coming from inside.

804. The Army were ransacking everything in the house.

805. Turning it upside down.

806. They took the mattresses off the beds... It was a mess.

807. The big keg where we kept the flour

808. had been thrown outside through the kitchen door.

809. A pan of manioc we were cooking for dinner...

810. they threw out into the yard.

811. They broke our bags and cases... my sister's case...

812. They took the generator, and the spot lights.

813. They took all the machinery, all the material.

814. ARMED FORCES' EXCLUSIVE ARMS

815. This front-page picture from the "Diário de Pernambuco"

816. shows cans of films, tripods, reflectors, a megaphone...

817. Normal film equipment.

818. It was in Galilea that the Army apprehended material

819. from the largest subversive communist group in Pernambuco

820. abandoned by left-wing leaders with the women and children.

821. In a typical peasant hovel

822. highly subversive material was found, set up

823. by international left-wing groups, protected by

824. the last State government.

825. There was a powerful generator

826. for expensive cinema projectors.

827. Among many others, the film taken

828. the week of the coup was "Signals of Death".

829. It showed how the peasants should react in cold blood

830. with no sense of guilt or remorse when shooting was necessary

831. or decapitation or other forms of elimination

832. inflicted on "reactionary" prisoners in battle

833. or taken to Galilea.

834. Meanwhile, a sociologist who wishes to remain anonymous

835. drew up a plan to be used in the case of the mill

836. to help in the moral and social recovery of the sub-race

837. to which the communists tried to reduce these peasants.

838. Ze Daniel took us to a hideout.

839. At night the troops went back to Victoria.

840. We were all together in the wood

841. and later the kids arrived shouting.

842. "Dad... Oh, Dad! Dad!"

843. I wanted to go.

844. "Don't go there, no." I wanted to go.

845. "Come and have coffee. They've gone."

846. Old Ze Feliciano said:

847. "Ze Daniel, come home. They've gone. Have some coffee."

848. - I wanted to go. - Didn't you answer?

849. Because Coutinho was there saying: "Don't go. No. Don't go."

850. I wanted to...

851. We were worried the Army might still be there.

852. Might have been there still.

853. We left the wood early with Elizabeth

854. and said goodbye to the people.

855. We split into groups of 3 and got onto the Recife road

856. a few miles further on.

857. We all took separate buses

858. and managed to get to Recife.

859. We only later found out that 5 crew members

860. who wanted to stay in Victoria, had been arrested.

861. The Army went back to Galilea soon afterwards.

862. The same day, April 3rd, Ze Daniel gave himself up.

863. I gave myself up. At first I said to him:

864. "I beg you by your mother's milk,

865. for the love of Jesus Christ our Savior...

866. If you can see any reason why I be arrested

867. or beaten, or shot 2, 3 or 4 times, if I can stand it."

868. He said: "You're scared to be a prisoner." I said yes.

869. That's why I respect man, woman and child.

870. So I can be respected too as a poor old man.

871. I'm weak, thank God.

872. I live by my respect and want to die respected and in honor.

873. I heard you'd called me. I want to die at home.

874. But not be in jail and beaten.

875. If that's it, I'll face anything but not give myself up.

876. Sergeant Saraiva says: "Tell me where the guns are, Ze Daniel."

877. Well, says I, "There's that gun you took from home

878. and others, shotguns to hunt fowl to eat

879. and these are the guns in Galilea."

880. "No, Daniel. The machine-guns." "I never seen one. I heard of.

881. I see one now in your hands. I wanted to see one."

882. We hid the film camera with Daniel's help

883. in a sort of cave in the wilds.

884. It was the last piece of equipment found by the Army.

885. - Under that rock there. - Go on down...

886. - Can you tell where it was? - Under that rock there.

887. - What was under it? - The film machine, under the rock.

888. He asked. I didn't want to say, but I said: "We'll see."

889. I didn't want to say what I knew.

890. We came down.

891. I said, "I think they came down here", but I didn't say I'd put it...

892. We got there... I saw the slope

893. and I spotted the camera. I said: "Look over there!"

894. So they got hold of the camera.

895. Then he started up shouting: "Look what I've found!"

896. Joao Jose, Daniel's son was 20 at the time.

897. The only thing I managed to keep

898. were 2 books left on the table. The Army took everything else.

899. I always keep my books in this case.

900. History of a Manuscript - Kaputt.

901. "Every morning

902. I'd sit in the garden

903. under an acacia tree

904. and get down to work.

905. If any of the SS militia

906. came near the garden,

907. the peasant would warn me by a cough."

908. So, when the troops arrived, the other would warn him.

909. And the Army wouldn't get him. He'd escape.

910. The story of your film is like that.

911. "When I had to go to the front

912. I entrusted the manuscript Kaputt to my friend Roman Suchena

913. who had hidden it in the pigpen wall.

914. I will always be grateful to the peasant Roman Suchena

915. and his daughter-in-law for helping me

916. to save my manuscript from the hands of the Gestapo."

917. You associate that book with the film, right?

918. One of you left it here.

919. - Whose book is it? - It was left on the table.

920. - How many years have you had it. - 17 years. And this one.

921. It's got Fernando Duarte written in it.

922. - I think he was that thin man. - The photographer.

923. Must be. I said it was the film people's.

924. One was about films and things too.

925. The Army Captain wanted this one because it was about

926. the World War and Russia or something.

927. But I said: "It was mine." He said: "It was the Cuban's."

928. I said: "No siree, this book is mine."

929. - Who were the Cubans? - You were.

930. He thought we were Cubans?

931. He thought you were them bearded Cubans

932. filming here back then in 1964.

933. So I said: "No sir, there's no Cubans or communists here."

934. He said: "But you'll show us where their arms are.

935. And where they were. They wanted a revolution."

936. I said: "They didn't say anything about revolution or about Cuba."

937. "How did they talk?" "The same way as everyone else."

938. "Did they have a bit of an accent?"

939. I said: "Sure, they spoke normal enough.

940. But people from Rio speak a bit different."

941. The other said: "They could be from Rio.

942. People from Rio have an accent, don't they, Lieutenant?"

943. I said, "They sounded normal." "They talked normal like?

944. You understood them?" "Of course", I did.

945. After

946. he said: "So now you show us where the guns are."

947. I said: "There be only 2 farmers who have those.

948. A gentleman from the Bento Velho mill,

949. and Lourival Pedrosa from the Gameleira mill.

950. He has a lot. He's a big-time farmer. He's a trouble-maker."

951. He said: "Ah, so that one's his.

952. I want to see yours here 'cause Juliao said there was.

953. 20,000 guns for you to start a revolution, d'you hear?

954. And the communists were filming here for the revolution."

955. Then he started getting mad.

956. I said: "There's no Cubans or communists around here.

957. There's people dying of hunger and ailments, like I am.

958. People round here need food and medicines

959. freedom and land to work on."

960. Then he said: "No! Tomorrow I'll bring medicines.

961. Call the people hidden out there.

962. So we can prescribe some medicine and have a talk.

963. Go call Joao Virginio."

964. I said: "I don't know where he is."

965. I gave myself up. I spent 7 days hidden.

966. Unable to go anywhere. So I gave myself up.

967. When I spent...

968. 8 days in the 4th Army...

969. On April 15th, when the Government took over...

970. Castelo Branco... they took me to the Police.

971. I had to make a statement.

972. Two cops beat me up.

973. Two other leaders were arrested the first half of April.

974. Zeze da Galilea, freed after 3 months.

975. Severino Gomes da Silva, Rosario, Zeze's adopted son

976. who was in jail for 45 days.

977. I produced here

978. half a truck of goods a week.

979. The Army got me and threw me in jail.

980. I was blinded in one eye.

981. I lost the hearing in one ear.

982. Another beating and my heart went.

983. I spent 6 years in jail.

984. What good did I do for Brazil behind bars?

985. They took my watch, my belt

986. and my money.

987. They took my jeep. It's behind City Hall in Victoria

988. at the police station. They never gave it back.

989. Call that revolution? Put me in jail, my kids left hungry?

990. They took a car, my papers, everything.

991. Why should the Army do this to me?

992. Better to have me shot than do that.

993. I got even more angry than I was.

994. Leaving my kids to starve and me beaten up in jail.

995. I spent a day in a tank full of shit.

996. Turds this big, and soup and piss up to my waist.

997. I tiny space, and me...

998. I spent one hour like this, another like this...

999. I stood up for 24 hours. Only the devil can bear it!

1000. Standing up for 24 hours in a tank of shit.

1001. Only Satan... I don't believe...

1002. I'm alive, because I never saw a spirit like me

1003. bear it, even so many electric shocks.

1004. There's nothing better than days with a night in between.

1005. Our Lord Jesus Christ will protect us.

1006. God's grace is continually upon us.

1007. I trust in God, because this misery...

1008. One day the people got to realize who they are.

1009. We can't stay trampled on for ever.

1010. Condemned to 10 and a half years in jail

1011. Joao Virginio was released in 1970

1012. after serving 6 years of his sentence.

1013. The Recife Penitentiary was turned into a cultural center

1014. in 1976.

1015. On April 3rd, 1964, a week before Joao Virginio's arrest

1016. Elizabeth left Galilea with the film crew

1017. and went to Recife.

1018. Unable to return to Sape or stay in Recife

1019. she decided to go to Manoel Serafim's house in Jaboatao.

1020. The direction assistant, Vladimir Carvalho, took her there.

1021. She changed her name to Marta

1022. and pretended to be Manoel's sister-in-law.

1023. She stayed indoors always.

1024. 2 months later, she gave herself up to Paraiba's authorities.

1025. - Did they treat you well? - Yes. The Army treated me well.

1026. They asked you about Cuba?

1027. - Yes. - What did you say?

1028. I said I'd gone to visit my son there

1029. who had gone with a grant

1030. from the government there

1031. and the government had sent me an invitation

1032. to visit my son.

1033. That's why I went to Cuba.

1034. Did they accuse you of squatting or anything?

1035. I didn't know about squatting.

1036. It must mean a falling out of owner and tenant.

1037. Because no owner wants a tenant to have rights.

1038. He wants him bound and gagged.

1039. So the tenants has to see to his own problems.

1040. After 4 months in jail, Elizabeth went back to Sape.

1041. She went to her father's where her children were.

1042. Then the persecution came.

1043. The police came to get me again.

1044. - At your father's? - Yes. So the police came

1045. to get me again to take me away.

1046. I could be tortured or even killed.

1047. I thought about it and asked my Dad.

1048. I said: "Dad, I can't go with so many policemen.

1049. Since they say they're friends of yours

1050. tell them to go away

1051. and I'll go there tomorrow."

1052. I was sick. Dad spoke to Colonel Luiz de Barros

1053. and said I couldn't go

1054. but guaranteed I'd go there next day.

1055. So they took his word for it that I'd go.

1056. Next day I couldn't. I got the car and said I'd go

1057. but I couldn't. I knew I'd be tortured.

1058. Or even killed like Alfredo and the kid.

1059. In September, 1964, just before Elizabeth's release

1060. Joao Alfredo Dias and

1061. Pedro Inacio de Araujo, founders of the Sape League

1062. disappeared after leaving prison.

1063. They were never found.

1064. 3 days later

1065. a paper told that 2 mutilated corpses

1066. had been found on a road in Paraiba.

1067. The paper said they were victims of the Death Squad.

1068. The bodies were never identified.

1069. Your parents helped you all this time?

1070. Don't even know if they're alive.

1071. - I don't even know. - Why didn't he help you?

1072. I really don't know.

1073. Maybe he doesn't have our address.

1074. Didn't he help to bring up the kids?

1075. Yes. He raised two of my brothers.

1076. He raised two of them?

1077. We've never told where we are.

1078. Going to say now?

1079. - Right. - From now on...

1080. From now on we tell everything.

1081. Makes things easier.

1082. I want to find the rest of the family. I'm going to try.

1083. Why did you choose to keep Carlos especially?

1084. Well, you see...

1085. Dad didn't want him 'cause he found him like Joao Pedro.

1086. - He said he wouldn't have him. - Is he like him?

1087. Yes, he is.

1088. In 1962 the persecution spread wider.

1089. 3 months after Joao Pedro's assassination

1090. Paulo Pedro, one of his sons, was mysteriously attacked.

1091. What happened to Paulo? What was the attack?

1092. That was...

1093. a thug on orders from big landowners...

1094. The same ones that murdered Joao Pedro.

1095. - What did they do? - They shot him...

1096. They shot him in the forehead, in the fields.

1097. - Bad hurt? - He got hurt bad.

1098. I don't know if he's still alive.

1099. - Never saw him again? - Never.

1100. - Don't know where he is? - No, I don't.

1101. Never heard any news.

1102. What happened to your daughter, Marluce?

1103. She poisoned herself and died.

1104. - Was she so upset? - Yes.

1105. She said that since her father was killed

1106. she hadn't had a single day of happiness.

1107. She was always upset.

1108. She said she felt so sad...

1109. that it got to such a point.

1110. In December, 1962, 8 months after Joao Pedro's death

1111. the eldest daughter, Marluce, took arsenic and died.

1112. WAS 18

1113. When did you meet your first brother?

1114. I met him in 1978.

1115. That's when I went to Patos.

1116. In Patos I looked for him.

1117. - Abraham? - Yes.

1118. - You don't know the other eight? - I don't know any of them.

1119. How are you known here?

1120. I'm known here as Marta Maria da Costa. Even legally.

1121. Why did you choose Marta.

1122. It sounded like a martyr...

1123. The name of someone who has suffered, like me.

1124. But after this film you'll go back to the world, won't you?

1125. Yes. I'll go back to the world.

1126. The neighbors know...

1127. The neighbors, everyone knows who I am.

1128. Now I'll see my friends,

1129. find my kids, my parents...

1130. Will you visit your parents?

1131. Yes, and especially my kids out there.

1132. I know they're out there and I must find them. Right?

1133. The first week of April, 1964,

1134. 8 of Elizabeth's children were rounded up

1135. and shared out among grandparents and aunts.

1136. Abraham stayed in the capital to study.

1137. Isaac was in Cuba since 1963 with a government grant.

1138. 15 days after my meeting with Elizabeth

1139. I went to Sape to retrace the past.

1140. A few miles from the town, where he was killed

1141. there was a stone monument and an iron cross

1142. and a bronze plaque in his memory, blown up in 1964.

1143. The plaque said:

1144. "Here lies Joao Pedro Teixeira, martyr for agrarian reform".

1145. Actually, Joao Pedro is buried in Sape Cemetery

1146. in an unmarked grave.

1147. Joao Pedro was born in the nearby town of Guarabira

1148. and lost his father early on.

1149. Little is known about his youth.

1150. Not even a photo is left of Joao Pedro alive.

1151. The house he lived his last years in seems abandoned.

1152. After the founding of the Sape League

1153. Elizabeth's father, Manoel da Costa, a small landowner

1154. quarrelled with Joao Pedro and sold the farm.

1155. Threatened with eviction, Joao Pedro went to Court

1156. for the right to live there or receive compensation.

1157. After his death Elizabeth stayed but cut her father.

1158. In 1981, 17 years after her escape

1159. her children didn't know where she was hidden.

1160. Nor if she was dead or alive.

1161. Near Joao Pedro's house we looked for his daughter

1162. Near Joao Pedro's house we looked for his daughter

1163. Maria das Neves Teixeira, or Nevinha.

1164. We only knew she was married and was a teacher nearby

1165. the place where Joao Pedro was killed.

1166. How long is it since you saw your mother?

1167. A long time.

1168. 15... maybe 12 years.

1169. Do you miss her?

1170. Of course... She's my Mom.

1171. And your brothers, Abraham and Carlos?

1172. We haven't seen either of them.

1173. The others are nearer.

1174. Did you know you father?

1175. Yes. I was 6 or 7 when he died.

1176. - Do you remember him? - Not much.

1177. - Your daughter? - Yes.

1178. - What's her name? - Juliana Elizabeth Teixeira...

1179. - You called her Elizabeth? - Juliana Elizabeth.

1180. - Why Elizabeth? - My mother's name.

1181. How can we see Peta, your brother?

1182. At my grandfather's, by the flour house. Know it?

1183. Would your grandpa welcome a visit?

1184. Well, he's a bit funny about this sort of thing.

1185. The other day...

1186. some people came in a car. I don't know if they were...

1187. cattle rustlers, or something.

1188. I know they came everyday, every week.

1189. He was quite... many people round here thought that...

1190. Elizabeth might try to kill him.

1191. A lot of people thought so. So, he got it into his head

1192. that she wanted to kill him or steal something.

1193. I know people did try... cattle rustlers, I think.

1194. Manoel Justino and Joao Pedro Teixeira Jr

1195. agreed to be filmed.

1196. Elizabeth's father chickened out and went back in.

1197. - Your grandpa brought you up? - Since I was little.

1198. He brought the whole family here.

1199. Then one uncle took one, another took another.

1200. Everyone raised the family. We'd have died otherwise.

1201. Because 12 children in one house...

1202. hungry... If it hadn't been for the family...

1203. Everybody took someone and 3 stayed at home.

1204. I'm still here. 2 girls went to Rio.

1205. We are alive thanks to the family.

1206. Even so I'm not mad at my mother. I'll see her any time.

1207. I'll go wherever she is.

1208. - Got a picture of your Dad? - No, I haven't.

1209. Nor of my mother. I can't remember anything.

1210. I was 4 years old.

1211. - You were 2 when your father died. - No. I was 4.

1212. I was born in 1960. They killed him in 1964.

1213. - No. He died in 1962. - He died... in '64.

1214. I was little. I can't remember.

1215. You built his tomb again?

1216. People destroyed it. I'm the only one here...

1217. as his son. I said, I'll raise his cross because

1218. they can't do that. I can make another.

1219. I said I would make one because I remember him.

1220. I knew where the place was.

1221. So I made one again.

1222. I lit a candle and all that.

1223. Why wouldn't Manoel have his photo taken?

1224. Because an old man thinks like the kids.

1225. We eventually persuaded him to come out and talk.

1226. You never got on with Joao Pedro, did you?

1227. No. I didn't ask him. He came.

1228. I gave him some advice but he wouldn't listen.

1229. - So you never got on with him? - Never.

1230. - But he was a good husband? - Yes.

1231. He became my enemy. He said if I went...

1232. if I set foot there he'd give me a good hiding.

1233. - Who said that? - Her husband did.

1234. He said I'd better not meddle with things.

1235. I'd better get back to work.

1236. Elizabeth's father never once said the name Joao Pedro.

1237. Still active at 84

1238. Manoel has a small flour mill

1239. and goes everyday to buy wood and manioc, at nearby farms.

1240. Joao Pedro Jr help him as a driver.

1241. On this road, further ahead

1242. on Manoel's land, Joao Pedro was killed.

1243. Elizabeth used to come by here

1244. to head demonstrations to her husband's memorial.

1245. Caxias, Greater Rio de Janeiro.

1246. October, 1981.

1247. 8 months after Elizabeth's declarations.

1248. - Is Marta in? - That's me.

1249. - I'm a friend of... - My mother.

1250. - Your mother's. Did you know? - More or less.

1251. Is there light here?

1252. This is your brother, Carlos.

1253. - Do you remember him? - Yes.

1254. We went to see her in Rio Grande do Norte.

1255. Here she is washing clothes in the river.

1256. She sent you a big hug.

1257. She's coming to see you.

1258. She's got to get your brothers.

1259. Carlos...

1260. Abraham. Carlos and your mother.

1261. I remember her well.

1262. This is on film.

1263. - When did you come to Rio? - I came here in 1971.

1264. - And never went back? - I went there about 5 years ago.

1265. Do you hear from the people in Sape?

1266. - No. - Don't they write?

1267. It's me that...

1268. - You don't say where you are? - I cut myself off.

1269. - Why? - You see, the family...

1270. When you most need them

1271. that's when they didn't help. Especially my brother.

1272. I'm not mad at them. But when I most needed them

1273. they didn't help. Especially my maternal grandparents.

1274. - They didn't help you? - No.

1275. And they have some money, don't they?

1276. The family does, except my mother.

1277. - Any grudge against your mother? - No. Even though she gave me...

1278. Even before I was born she gave me to my grandmother.

1279. - Why did she do that? - I really don't know.

1280. We were 12

1281. but she only gave me away.

1282. Not even...

1283. - You remember your father? - Yes, I do.

1284. I adored him. Not just because he was killed.

1285. I adore my mother too. I bear no grudge... really.

1286. I adore her. When she comes...

1287. Will you now go back to the world? Will you see everybody again?

1288. Yes. I will go back to the world. The neighbors know now...

1289. Everyone knows I'm in Rio Grande do Norte.

1290. I'll get in touch with my friends,

1291. find my kids, my parents...

1292. - Will you visit your parents? - Yes,

1293. and especially because of my children.

1294. I know they're out there. I've got to get to know them.

1295. - The neighbors didn't know? - They knew nothing.

1296. Dad thinks I'm overseas or dead.

1297. - Why did you come here? - For work.

1298. - Where did you work? - I worked...

1299. I forget the name of the street. Here in Caxias.

1300. I was pregnant when I came.

1301. My firstborn's now 10.

1302. - You came with him? - I was pregnant.

1303. - He was born here? - Yes.

1304. I was well-off at the beginning.

1305. I even had a car, jewelry, everything.

1306. Then the man I was living with... You went there...

1307. Manoel Alves in Felizardo Fortes St, number 66.

1308. I lived with him for 10 years. I have 3 kids by him.

1309. Then he acted up. We couldn't go on with it.

1310. We separated and I came here penniless.

1311. But, it doesn't matter.

1312. - And the children? - I have 4.

1313. Santa Clara Faculty of Medicine.

1314. Capital of the province of Las Villas in Cuba.

1315. December, 1981.

1316. Isaac Teixeira is in the 5th year of Medicine.

1317. Film shot at our request by a Cuban film crew.

1318. What I remember about Brazil and my father's struggles

1319. is that it was about 20 years ago.

1320. At that time the peasant leagues began

1321. and my father had to...

1322. was committed to working in the Northeast

1323. where he founded

1324. and worked for the Sape League.

1325. I think he was a pioneer

1326. of the peasant leagues.

1327. And it had great repercussions.

1328. His struggle and his death...

1329. Everyone

1330. thinks highly of a peasant

1331. a simple man dedicating his life

1332. to the struggle of the Brazilian people.

1333. Jose Eudes. Do you know him?

1334. Yes, I do.

1335. - Could you call him? - Certainly. Follow me.

1336. He's the watchman here, right?

1337. You from Educational TV or from Globo Network?

1338. No. Movies. It's a report but for a film.

1339. By Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro.

1340. The warehouse of an engineering company.

1341. May, 1982. 1 year and 3 months after filming Elizabeth.

1342. - Who's Mr Coutinho? Excuse me. - It's me, it's me.

1343. Only you come in. I want to talk to you.

1344. Pleased to meet you. Jose Eudes.

1345. Only he comes in. Excuse me.

1346. I want to talk to him in private.

1347. Take it, please.

1348. After a long talk and a few demands

1349. Jose Eudes Teixeira agreed to be filmed. But outside.

1350. - Do you remember your parents? - No.

1351. No.

1352. Who raised you?

1353. An uncle who I call Dad. His name's Eudes.

1354. He's my uncle, but I call him Dad.

1355. You were 4 when your father died?

1356. - And you remember nothing? - Nothing.

1357. Honestly, I can't remember anything.

1358. But you remember your mother? You were 6 in 1964.

1359. No. I don't remember her.

1360. I know her from these photos. I didn't recognize her.

1361. - Would you like to see her? - I miss her very much.

1362. When I got her first letter, I cried.

1363. I couldn't remember her.

1364. I called mother the aunt who raised me.

1365. I still consider her my mother.

1366. My mother had to disappear when they killed my father...

1367. so none of us were baptized.

1368. So my godparents baptized me and brought me up.

1369. I have 4 brothers I don't know.

1370. Paulo, Abraham, Isaac...

1371. and Carlos. I don't know Carlos either.

1372. - Don't you know Paulo? - No.

1373. - Why? - Because... Paulo...

1374. When I was there he went to Nazare da Mata with my uncle.

1375. So I never knew him either.

1376. - What does he do now? - He's a driver for a company.

1377. And he's married.

1378. My brother went to his place.

1379. He said Paulo is upset with the whole family thing.

1380. He said he drinks a lot and is very angry.

1381. Me too... I used to live with a woman

1382. and she said: "You're different from everyone else."

1383. I don't know... Sometimes I just don't speak to anyone.

1384. My family history makes me so angry.

1385. Olaria, a district of Rio de Janeiro.

1386. Film shot on the same day as Jose Eudes. May, 1982.

1387. Does Mrs Marinez live here?

1388. Yes, but I don't know if she's in.

1389. Could you see for me, please?

1390. Pity. The window's closed.

1391. - What? Like this? - No. It's very simple.

1392. - How are you? - Fine.

1393. - How lovely. What's his name? - Rodrigo. And Elana.

1394. - Are they both yours? - Yes.

1395. - How long have you been in Rio? - 7 years.

1396. Why did you come? Why did you move?

1397. - Marta sent for me. - Did she?

1398. I lived with an uncle. She sent for me.

1399. - You remember your mother? - No, have never seen.

1400. I've only seen her in one of Marta's photos.

1401. - Don't you remember your father? - Never seen him.

1402. - You were 8 months old... - 3 months.

1403. - Would you like to see her? - Of course.

1404. - Or do you feel hurt? - Hurt? No.

1405. Not at all.

1406. - Did she write to you? - Yes. She's written twice.

1407. This is the first one.

1408. Would you read a bit?

1409. You say you don't know where you came from.

1410. You came from the love between me and your father.

1411. Of course I'm so glad you're coming.

1412. I asked her if I could go and see her.

1413. That's what I want, to meet

1414. all my children

1415. and be with you all. Thanks to the political liberalization

1416. I can now see all my children again.

1417. I wasn't able to live with, raise and love you.

1418. Destiny was against it. It must be as God wills.

1419. But I shall be

1420. so happy just to have one day go get all my children

1421. together again.

1422. The filming we did in St Rafael

1423. in February, 1981

1424. meant the end of Elizabeth's reclusion.

1425. After she was filmed, she was no longer Marta

1426. but Elizabeth once again.

1427. - You take in washing, Elizabeth? - Yes.

1428. What else do you earn a living?

1429. Washing dishes in a bar.

1430. And I teach the kids.

1431. - 4 times 1. - 4.

1432. - 4 times 2. - 8.

1433. - 4 times 3. - 12.

1434. - 4 times 4. - 16.

1435. - 4 times 5. - 20.

1436. - 4 times 6. - 24.

1437. - 4 times 7. - 28.

1438. - 4 times 8. - 32.

1439. The neighbors knew nothing.

1440. What was their reaction?

1441. They looked for photos, tried to find out who I was.

1442. I said I lived in Recife and worked

1443. as a maid, that it hadn't worked out

1444. and I had moved to the backlands. That's what I told them.

1445. - Are they glad to know now? - Yes, they are.

1446. Did you enjoy the film about Elizabeth?

1447. It's very important because Marta...

1448. I mean Elizabeth, had a very sad past.

1449. Many things were really very sad.

1450. Now you know, has she changed?

1451. She's the same old Elizabeth, my friend.

1452. Who else wants to speak?

1453. When she arrived here

1454. she was my neighbor first.

1455. We've always been great friends.

1456. My Zorro was her first pupil.

1457. And for me, she's just like a mother.

1458. Did you think she only had one child?

1459. - What did you know about her? - Nothing, when she arrived.

1460. Where did you think she'd come from?

1461. From Jucurutu.

1462. She'd come from Jucurutu.

1463. - Thought she had just one child? - Yes, I did.

1464. - Are they all your friends? - Yes. All good friends.

1465. She was my next door neighbor.

1466. We really felt for her and her suffering.

1467. We say she seemed sort of sad.

1468. But she said nothing except that her husband

1469. was dead... had been murdered, and she had other children.

1470. But that she never saw them.

1471. We saw something awful had happened to her.

1472. We wished her happiness since she is such a nice person.

1473. We're going to miss her.

1474. RURAL WORKER'S UNION OF

1475. He's the Union chairman.

1476. We talked a lot

1477. about the Union

1478. and its present activities.

1479. We also talked about the people in Vale do Azu

1480. and how they'll be compensated

1481. when they have to leave.

1482. He knows more about it as he's the Chairman.

1483. St Rafael is a dying town.

1484. The National Department Against Drought

1485. is carrying out an irrigation scheme

1486. and is building a dam.

1487. The water will cover the whole area.

1488. As they have no deeds, the small landowners

1489. will receive what they consider poor compensation.

1490. The local Union is heading the fight.

1491. Elizabeth helps you?

1492. She advises me from what she has suffered

1493. and I advise her. We've talked a lot about it.

1494. Did you know she was Elizabeth?

1495. - Yes, I knew. - For how long?

1496. For about a year, since we got to know each other better.

1497. - Did you know who Joao Pedro was? - Certainly.

1498. - Who was he? - A great leader.

1499. - Where from? - From Paraiba. From Sape.

1500. She telling me about what she went through...

1501. and me backing her up...

1502. I understood what all persecuted Union leaders suffer

1503. from landowners and the authorities in Brazil.

1504. Well, let's get our things together

1505. and say goodbye.

1506. I thought I'd never see you again and our friends.

1507. But now... I see my house...

1508. old friends visit me...

1509. and that's really wonderful for me.

1510. I never gave in, never gave up the struggle.

1511. What I did was the only way.

1512. We must thank our President

1513. for giving us the honor to be able

1514. to talk and speak and see our children and parents

1515. and all our relatives.

1516. You really caught me close to tears. I'm really moved...

1517. It was 16 years. Abraham hadn't been here.

1518. Never had the chance.

1519. I was moved.

1520. I never expected it.

1521. He called up and said he was coming.

1522. The girl heard and said he was coming with

1523. another brother, then Carlos, 3 brothers coming.

1524. When he got here he said: "Carlos is here."

1525. "No, Mom, Coutinho's here and the reporter people."

1526. I said, "I wonder what's happening." I was... really moved.

1527. - Was the report good? - Yes, very good.

1528. I'm sorry I couldn't help. I can't help, but...

1529. it certainly touched me.

1530. - See you soon. - Are you really going?

1531. - Yes, we must be going. - I hope everything was OK.

1532. The fight goes on. The same needs as in 1964

1533. are still with us. They haven't budged.

1534. The workman, the peasant, the student have the same needs.

1535. The fight goes on while there is hunger and poor wages.

1536. Who wouldn't fight for better days? You must fight.

1537. Whoever has the good life, let him keep out of it.

1538. I have suffered, I have to fight and I dare to say

1539. the regime must be changed. We must fight while

1540. this so-called democracy, this hunger exists.

1541. - Democracy without freedom... - Wages of hunger and misery?

1542. While workmen's sons have no right to study.

1543. Like now, when I...

1544. when the kids pay I don't know what. But no one can.

1545. A month later Elizabeth left St Rafael to live in Patos

1546. with Abraham and Carlos.

1547. Until June 1983, when this text was written

1548. Elizabeth had only seen 2 of her other 8 children:

1549. Nevinha and Joao Pedro Jr, in Sape.

1550. We last filmed Joao Virginio in his yard

1551. on Carnival Sunday, 1981.

1552. 10 months later he died of a heart attack in the same place.

1553. He was buried in Victoria cemetery

1554. next to Zeze from Galilea.

1555. 1964 Crew

1556. 1981-83 Crew

1557. Translation revised by Carlos Roberto de Souza

1558. Translation coordination