When Ruri has trouble deciding on her future, she turns to her study of sapphire.
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1. Submit your elective subject preferences by the end of the week!
2. Aren't you heading home?
3. Have you decided on your electives already?
4. Yup, Earth Science and Chemistry.
5. Earth Science for obvious reasons.
6. Chemistry since it's useful
to study mineralogy.
7. You've decided already?
8. You're really gonna be a researcher, then.
9. Good grief.
10. I don't know if that's even possible yet.
11. What 'bout you, Aoi?
12. Me? I chose World History,
Advanced Geography, and Music.
13. Basically, I just picked stuff I like.
14. You've decided, too?
15. You better hurry and decide
before classes fill up.
16. Fine!
17. I'll just roll my pencil and let fate decide!
18. How am I supposed to know about the future?
19. All I know is that I like pretty rocks.
20. I wonder how everyone decides their future...
21. Here I go!
22. The Sapphire Cradle
23. The Sapphire Cradle
24. Occupied
25. Stoneworking Room
26. Wow, look at how pretty it got!
27. It looks like the opals sold in stores!
28. Totally! I wish I had a grinder at home.
29. Then I could make gems all day.
30. Next, I'll make another one for Nagi-san.
31. Did you say that Arato-san was
gone for a conference?
32. Yup, she's visiting the U.S.
with her professor.
33. Attendance
34. Arato
35. Imari
36. Shirasawa
37. In
office
38. On
campus
39. Out
of
office
40. Home
41. U.S. Conference Trip
42. Arato
43. Wow, that's so cool.
44. I wish I could do that someday, too.
45. You've got your sights set high, Seto-san!
46. Stop... Hey, did she say where in the U.S.?
47. Jeez. What happened, Imari-san?
48. I accidentally carved it all off.
49. What's that?
50. I was carving down this rock
to a thin slate.
51. But I have to start over now.
52. You were carving down this rock?
53. Yup.
54. To a thickness of 0.03mm.
55. Rock
56. Less than half the diameter
of a strand of hair.
57. Half the thickness of hair?
58. Is that even necessary?
59. When you hold rocks up to the light
and look through them,
60. you start to see the world beyond it.
61. The world beyond rocks?
62. You can learn a lot about it.
63. Like where that rock was born
or how it formed.
64. Imari-san! Can you teach me how to do that?
65. Y-You sure about this?
66. Yup!
67. Get a good grip on it,
so the rock doesn't bounce off.
68. There!
69. That cross-section will
become the thin slate.
70. Let's check if you can see
the specimen you want to study.
71. I think we're good.
72. Great, on to the next step.
73. We're going to polish the cut surface.
74. Rough Grinding
75. We'll use three types of abrasives
to smooth it out gradually.
76. Medium Grinding
77. Final Polishing
78. Then, you stick it onto
a microscope slide and cut it.
79. Attach with
adhesive
80. Rough Grinding
81. Medium Grinding
82. Final Polishing
83. Repeat the polishing process again to
84. smooth it down until it's
0.03mm thick, and voila!
85. So I look through this slate, right?
86. Yup. With this special equipment
called the polarized light microscope.
87. Special? This microscope?
88. Take a look.
89. Whoa, cool! It looks like stained glass!
90. It's just a normal rock,
but it doesn't look like it.
91. Are these all mineral crystals?
92. Yup. This microscope
separates minerals by color.
93. So it's useful to study
and identify minerals.
94. And its secret is... this polarizing filter!
95. You need two of them to separate colors.
96. With only one, it looks like this.
97. Everything looks more neutral than before.
98. It was a lot easier to see the other way.
99. Isn't it cool?
100. Yeah!
101. It's so weird how this glass slate
gives rocks color.
102. Glass
(No birefringence)
103. Minerals with birefringence
104. It's not exactly the slate itself doing that.
105. The colors come from
the minerals' own birefringence.
106. A phenomenon where light is split into two rays
107. When you place the specimen
between the two polarizers,
108. Light
109. Polarizer
110. Mineral
111. Polarizer
112. the split light interferes
and produces various colors.
113. Green
114. The result is that stained glass look.
115. So that's why it's called
the polarized light microscope.
116. Polarized light microscope
117. Let's look at what we can
learn from rock slates.
118. These fluorites are from the same locality,
but they have different colors.
119. Here are their slates.
Can you tell the difference?
120. They look the same.
121. Wait, I think this one contains
an additional rock.
122. Bingo.
123. They actually have
a slightly different host rock.
124. This one included a special mineral.
125. But how can they have different host
rocks if they're from the same place?
126. I'm guessing that over
tens of thousands of years,
127. the underground environment changed and
altered the components supplied to the rock.
128. That's just my theory, though.
129. So if I wanna see beyond the mineral,
130. I have to study its host rock, too?
131. With every specimen there is
to study in nature,
132. there's so much coexisting around it.
133. It can be hard to navigate
all that information.
134. So how you take in information
is really important.
135. You can't wait for them to speak to you,
136. you have to narrow down your
target and listen for yourself.
137. When you learn how to navigate
the voices of nature,
138. you can learn so much more about
the things you're studying.
139. That's what I think it means
to listen to nature, I guess.
140. Listen to... nature.
141. Imari-san.
142. Do you think I can find out
143. where the sapphire came from
if I could learn to hear it, too?
144. So, this host rock only transported
the sapphire to the surface.
145. It wasn't involved in the formation
of the sapphire itself.
146. The rock that formed this sapphire
isn't contained here.
147. Earth's surface
148. Magma that brought up the sapphire
(current host rock)
149. Host rock where
the sapphire formed
(our real target)
150. So it must have all melted and disappeared...?
151. Our mission is to find
where the sapphire was born.
152. But the real question is,
can we even find its true host rock?
153. Obviously, we can't dig that far underground.
154. We hit a wall right off the bat.
155. There's still a chance we can
find the real host rock.
156. What? Where?
157. Right there.
158. The magma might have cooled
before the host rock fully melted.
159. We might still be able to find
a tiny piece under the microscope.
160. You're right!
161. So this is the sapphire, huh?
162. There's a few sizable crystals, but... Hmm?
163. You're right! This is fluorite!
164. I totally thought it was something else.
165. Thanks, Seto-san.
166. I'm glad I asked.
167. I thought it was someone else for a second.
168. If one person can have different voices,
maybe rocks can too.
169. To observe things besides
birefringence, I need...
170. The polarizer!
171. It's different from before.
172. The sapphire has a faint blueish tint.
173. It's a different voice from the birefringence.
174. Where's the host rock?
Are there any remnants?
175. This one's blue...
176. Same here.
177. What about...
178. This is it!
179. A crystal that's not blue. It's not sapphire!
180. Imari-san, I found it!
181. A rhombus pattern going in two directions...
182. It's calcite!
183. You found a remnant of the host rock.
184. Yay!
185. Great job.
186. It's only one crystal,
but it's a step forward.
187. Now, Ruri-chan.
188. Did you hear any voices
when you first found it?
189. A voice?
190. I gotta go find it.
191. Huh? Why all the sudden?
192. 'Cause!
193. We actually found it. It's real now!
194. Even one grain makes a huge difference.
195. We know it's out there now.
196. I think it's worth looking for a
bigger host rock in the real world.
197. So we know what to do next.
198. You know, I haven't been to that site yet.
199. Then let's go!
200. To that site again.
201. The site where we found sapphire!
202. G-Left
203. G-Right
204. F-Left
205. F-Right
206. Nagi's Respite
207. People generally think of rocks as hard objects, but many rocks actually have a property that makes them easy to break depending on the direction of force applied. This property is called cleavage.
A well-known example is mica. It has such distinct cleavage that it's also known as the "thousand-layer rock."
You can even peel it into thin sheets by hand.
Calcite is another famous example. Its crystals are shaped like parallelograms, and when you break one, the fragments also form the same shape. This happens because the mineral splits easily along certain directions.
Cleavage is also found in gemstones like topaz and diamond.
While it's not much of a concern for earrings or necklaces,
when used in rings, the risk of breakage increases if the gem is struck. So when buying a ring with a mineral, you might want to ask whether it has cleavage.
208. New money...
209. Nagi's Respite
210. You might think that once a rock has solidified, it doesn't change (unless it melts). Some rocks still contain materials that date back billions of years.
They are, in a sense, symbols of permanence.
That said, rocks don't always stay the same. When exposed to heat or pressure, a rock can transform without melting into something new. This is what we call a metamorphic rock.
For example, gneiss is formed when rock is stretched under pressure, causing its structure to develop into a banded pattern. Crystalline limestone (commonly known as marble) forms when limestone is altered by heat.
The current form of a rock tells the story of what kind of heat or pressure its locality once experienced.
211. Mudstone
212. Mudstone
(Argillaceous hornfels)
213. Heat
214. The black color forms
because dark minerals grow
under high heat.
215. The hornfels we found the other day was a metamorphic rock, too.
216. That's proof that the area was once exposed to intense heat.
217. Phew... That should be good.
218. Now we just need to put a chisel
in from Seto-san's side.
219. Make sure to hammer it in at a deep angle.
220. Okay!
221. You did it!
222. That's so cool.
223. I can't believe we got
this sapphire ourselves.
224. You'll find heaps of them under these leaves!
225. Wow, that's awesome!
226. M'kay. Now for the main event.
227. I gotta look for the host rock.
228. But how will you find it?
229. We don't even know what it is.
230. W-Well, that's, uhh...
231. We should be able to look for it
by its crystal size.
232. Magma
233. Magma
234. In the case of granite
235. Given the size of these sapphire crystals,
other crystals should be a decent size, too.
236. Biotite
237. Quartz
238. Plagioclase
239. Alkali feldspar
240. Currently cooling and solidifying...
241. Crystals usually form in a similar size in the
same environment with the same components.
242. So a decent-sized crystal
is likely the host rock?
243. I'll try looking for them, too.
244. After I collect some more sapphire.
245. Sure! Thanks.
246. I can't find them anywhere.
247. Who knew I'd ever be so desperate
to find a rock that's not sapphire?
248. I couldn't have imagined this a little bit ago.
249. Where was the sapphire born?
250. I wish I could see...
251. Yeah, I think this is it.
252. This white rock is the real host rock.
253. Woohoo!
254. Now we just have to figure out what it is.
255. Should we take it back
and make a slate?
256. Actually, there's another
method I want to test.
257. With this.
258. What's that?
259. Watch and see.
260. Nothing's...
261. happening?
262. Then let's see what happens when we
drop it on this mysterious white rock.
263. It's bubbling up!
264. Calcium
carbonate
265. Hydrochloric acid
266. Calcium
chloride
267. Carbon
dioxide
268. Water
269. Used in experiments to extract carbon dioxide
270. This liquid is hydrochloric acid.
271. Since it bubbled and dissolved away,
it was likely crystallized limestone.
272. In mineralogy terms, it's a chunk of calcite.
273. What kind of rock is limestone again?
274. Limestone
275. Sandstone
276. Mudstone
277. Limestone
278. Others include conglomerate, chert, etc.
279. It's a type of rock formed
by the compression of materials that
280. accumulated on the seafloor,
especially things like coral and seashells.
281. Coral can turn into rocks?
282. Organisms with calcareous shells
283. Yup.
284. Limestone is mainly composed
of calcium carbonate,
285. Coral, seashells
286. Limestone
287. Calcite
288. Limestone refers to rocks that contain
more than 50% calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).
289. which is also the main component
of coral and seashells.
290. Limestone containing
291. aluminum
292. Magma
293. After it turned into rock,
the aluminum it contained
294. must have been heated by magma,
which led to the formation of sapphire.
295. Crystalline limestone
296. And that's what was
transported above ground.
297. Seafloor
298. Deep underground
299. This host rock and these sapphires...
300. Inside magma
301. They really came a long way to get here.
302. Earth's surface
303. We're starting to piece things together.
304. Yeah!
305. Umm... We just dissolved our only specimen.
306. What now?
307. Found one.
308. A sapphire with calcite on it.
309. Thank goodness.
310. I think we should be good
to head home for today.
311. Hey, Imari-san.
312. Shouldn't minerals from the
same locality be a similar size?
313. It depends on the conditions,
but that's usually the case.
314. Then what about minerals of the
same kind from the same locality?
315. Well, that would make them even
more similar, so the same goes...
316. Wait, what?
317. Right?
318. Even though they're from the same place,
319. these sapphires have large
and small crystals.
320. How do they come in such different sizes?
321. They should grow similarly, right?
322. You've got a good point.
323. Maybe it's something
like my fluorite research.
324. Changes in
underground humidity?
325. Changes to the amount of
aluminum used as the base material?
326. Etc...
327. Even in the same locality,
the environment may have
328. changed over tens of thousands of years.
329. That hypothesis is based on comparing
the two host rocks, right?
330. Yeah...
331. Look at this.
332. The calcite is all on the smaller sapphires.
333. There isn't a single speck
on the bigger crystals.
334. If we wanna compare them, we need to find
a host rock on the bigger crystal, too.
335. You're right.
336. So we've got large crystals and small crystals,
with different host rocks for each.
337. I'll only be able to see beyond the sapphire
when I can compare the two.
338. I haven't found any around here,
so I'm gonna try looking somewhere else!
339. Oh, there's a cliff over there.
340. Be careful!
341. Got it!
342. None here, either.
343. If I can't find any to the sides...
344. It would make sense if the
locality spread below the cliff.
345. We might find different kinds
of sapphire down here.
346. Or so I thought, but...
347. Wow.
348. I can't believe people used to
come all the way up here.
349. I wonder if they were praying
to the mountain gods.
350. Seiryuji Shrine.
351. Apparently, the dragon's remains
are enshrined in this temple.
352. Turns out, Seiryuji Shrine used to
be somewhere on this mountain.
353. What about that offering
of a dragon's bone?
354. Wh-What are you doing?
355. Can you get Imari-san?
356. I think there might be sapphire here!
357. I-Imari-san!
358. Could "Seiryu" be referring to sapphire?
359. It must be sapphire from this deposit.
360. Seiryu's bone, huh?
361. What do you see, Ruri?
362. This mountain's god... it must have been...
363. Ruri-chan?
364. Come... on... please!
365. Ready? Pull!
366. Ouch...
367. Look!
368. There's the host rock on the bigger crystal!
369. But... that doesn't look like calcite.
370. Here, this smaller white one's calcite.
371. But the host rock on these
columnar sapphires have
372. black mixed in them,
with a kind of banded pattern.
373. You're right.
374. It might be gneiss.
375. You can tell?
376. Coarse crystal grains and a banded structure.
377. They're textbook features of gneiss,
378. which forms under heat
and pressure underground.
379. Sapphire's raw material is aluminum,
so if it contained that,
380. then it probably originated from seafloor mud.
381. You mean this sapphire
came from ordinary mud?
382. It's said that mudstone heated by magma
is a common source for sapphires.
383. But still...
384. With so few
sapphire deposits in Japan,
385. it's incredible that these
two happened to intertwine.
386. If I had stopped at just finding sapphire...
387. If I'd never tried to see further beyond that...
388. we wouldn't have ever found this spot.
389. I think I finally got to see
the world beyond rocks.
390. Yeah! We found somewhere amazing!
391. That's what I heard.
392. Don't worry, I promise
to take you next time.
393. I'm looking forward to it.
394. I can't believe someone
who thought sea glass was a gem
395. could do this much research on her own.
396. She worked hard on her days off
to make those notes.
397. I thought you weren't interested
in being a researcher.
398. Don't be silly, that isn't research.
399. Research is done by smart people,
like Nagi-san and you guys.
400. Mine's more like treasure hunting.
401. Actually, Ruri, that's not—
402. Still,
403. ever since I started learning
from researchers like Nagi-san,
404. and saw the world beyond rocks
after finding my own sapphire,
405. these rocks started looking
even prettier than before.
406. So I'd like to keep learning
about rocks as much as I can.
407. That way, they'll look even
more and more beautiful!
408. That's the Ruri-chan I know.
409. I like the sound of that.
410. What do you want to look for next?
411. Something pretty!
412. Pretty, huh?
413. There was one I've been eyeing.
414. So, it's still about
whether it's pretty or not?
415. Sure is!
416. I can't help it.
417. I love pretty rocks!
418. First Preference: Earth Science
To learn more about
where pretty rocks come from!