1. This episode was first shown
on 27 March 1971.
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2. It was seen by 6.4 million people -
making it the lowest-rated episode
in the entire 1971 series of Doctor Who.
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3. Three frenzied weeks of intensive work
in late October and early November 1970
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4. saw the authors
writing the draft scripts
for episodes 2, 3, and 4.
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5. The script calls for the arriving Axons
to be closer to human form,
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6. with "faces partly dissolved"
but also "tendrilly hands".
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7. In the script,
Filer makes a rush at the Axons
and is swept aside.
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8. Under the studio lights,
the Axon costumes were stiflingly hot
for the actors inside.
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9. With horror in Doctor Who
suddenly a live issue,
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10. 'The Vampire from Space',
a title suggested by the production team
in October 1970,
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11. became a problem for them
in January 1971.
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12. Letts and Dicks
made a pre-emptive strike
in a memo to the Head of Serials,
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13. explaining that they had never been
"entirely happy with" the title,
especially the word "vampire":
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14. Horror connotations aside,
it gave away too much too early.
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15. So the serial became
'The Claws of Axos'
on 28 January.
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16. In the script,
the Axon says that the Doctor and Jo
have been killed as well as Winser.
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17. He goes on to remark:
"The danger of the experiment
was exceeded only by its stupidity.
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18. "The Axonite supplied to you
was programmed
for a specific range of purposes.
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19. "Accelerate its growth in this way
and the reaction becomes critical.
The results you can see.
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20. "Your whole complex
could have been destroyed -
had we not arrived when we did."
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21. In an earlier version,
the power station was actually blown up.
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22. The "claws" reference here
was added at this late stage.
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23. which was more or less
what he'd told the authors about
'The Vampire from Space'!
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24. 'The Clause of Axos'!
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25. In the script,
the Doctor tells Jo that Axos is
"able to adapt and mutate at will",
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26. and remarks that being inside
"must be just how Jonah felt...
in the belly of the whale".
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27. As usual with Doctor Who,
some costumes had to be specially made,
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28. but Jo Grant's clothes were bought off
the peg from fashionable shops,
including Biba,
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29. and the rest,
including the army uniforms,
were hired from costumiers.
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30. At the start of rehearsals,
this scene was marked for omission,
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31. but its crucial importance to the plot
meant that it was soon reinstated.
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32. Chinn calls this blackmail,
but to the Minister it's politics.
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33. Recognize the nurse?
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34. She's played by Gloria Walker,
who also appeared as a secretary
in the first episode.
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35. so civil servants became soldiers,
and laboratory technicians
turned into Axons.
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36. The message to the United Nations
was not sent by any member of UNIT,
he reasons,
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37. so someone must have an ulterior motive
for sending Axonite around the world.
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38. So now the roles are reversed:
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39. The Brigadier tries to get
the distribution stopped,
and Chinn busily tries to speed it up.
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40. "You haven't a shred of evidence,"
he tells the Brigadier.
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41. but Chinn isn't interested
in anything Filer might have to say.
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42. He has already made up his mind
what happened:
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43. Obviously the Doctor
was attempting sabotage,
and Winser died trying to stop him.
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44. Dicks suggested this bit.
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45. In the script, the Master calls it
a "mouldering, moth-eaten,
clapped-out pile of obsolete old junk".
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46. "THE VERY WONDERFUL MICHAEL FERGUSON"
(as he was called by the wit
who typed up the camera script)
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47. Joined the production as director
in the first week of November 1970.
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48. He realised at once
the need to spend some time
investigating visual effects,
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49. so an experimental studio session
was arranged.
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50. This took place on 22 December
in Television Centre's tiny Studio 7.
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51. Model shots were recorded
and electronic wizardry performed.
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52. For this effect, they tested
a "blue rice mix", a CSO effect:
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53. The patchy mix
from one face to the other is achieved
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54. by dropping blue rice
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55. Onto a black base.
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56. Extra Clinton Morris was engaged
to model the Axon costumes and make-up,
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57. and an unsuccessful attempt was made
to use the CSO process
with the blue of a person's eyes.
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58. That's because the Tardis
is now at the Nuton Complex,
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59. and "the Doctor would never have
abandoned the Tardis willingly".
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60. The script calls for Axon tendrils,
sprouting from the base of the eyeball,
to grow into the Doctor's skull.
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61. One early idea was to overlay
the "moving membrane" pattern
onto the humanoid Axons' bodies.
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62. This had to be dropped:
It wasn't technically feasible.
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63. In November 1970,
pre-production on the serial
began in earnest:
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64. and, as film cameraman, A. A. Englander
(known affectionately as "Tubby" -
which he wasn't).
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65. But Ferguson
didn't get everyone he wanted:
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66. In December, the design departments
began getting things ready
for filming early in the New Year.
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67. ready to be transported down
to the location in Kent on 3 January,
just three weeks later.
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68. Cape Canaveral in Florida
was called Cape Kennedy
between 1963 and 1973.
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69. Most of the places named are associated
with either military research
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70. Or the space programme
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71. Lop Nor is in
the Sinkiang Province of China.
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72. In the script,
Chinn goes on to specify
some more locations:
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73. The Axons caused a number of delays
during recording
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74. when their "ping-pong balls"
kept unexpectedly falling
off their eyes.
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75. Early directing assignments included
such '60s television staples as
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76. the soap Compact
and the 1966 Doctor Who serial,
'The War Machines'.
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77. Later in his career,
he worked as a producer,
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78. notably on the ITV espionage series,
The Sandbaggers (1978-80),
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79. and yet more television staples:
Casualty, The Bill, and EastEnders.
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80. Early in rehearsals,
a more idiomatic version
of the next line was considered:
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81. "Will one of you Miss Nightingales
get me my pants?"
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82. Several versions
of the Axon monster costumes were made,
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83. representing different levels
of transmutation.
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84. This is the "globby" version.
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85. The "globbiness"
is modelled in foam rubber.
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86. The costumes
were exceptionally expensive
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87. because the base material
was chamois leather.
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88. The leather was necessary
for safety reasons:
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89. Latex would have been cheaper,
but was considered a fire risk.
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90. and one of them reappeared,
after a respray,
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91. in the 1976 Doctor Who serial,
'The Seeds of Doom'.
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92. This is the "tendrilled" version
of the Axon costume.
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93. "Omigawd!"
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94. The Axon costumes were designed and made
by freelance contractor Jules Baker.
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95. Initially it was intended to give him
an on-screen credit,
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96. but it was withdrawn
the week before studio recording.
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97. This was because
the BBC Design Department had a policy
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98. never to credit outside contributors,
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99. no matter how significant
their work might have been.
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100. The credit will appear,
in its intended wording and position,
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101. as part
of the information text subtitles
for this episode.
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102. Note the blue roundel on the wall.
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103. It's the Tardis scanner screen.
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104. In earlier years,
a television monitor
served as the scanner,
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105. but for this serial it was decided
to experiment with the new
Colour Separation Overlay technique
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106. and "key in" the image
onto the blued-out roundel.
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107. It worked!
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108. Variations of the same effect
continued to be used
throughout the 1970s.
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109. and so the Master's presence
is discovered.
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110. The script describes Hardiman as ex-RAF,
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111. but the actor who plays him,
Donald Hewlett (1922-2011)
Is better known for his army roles,
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112. notably the Colonel in the sitcom
It Ain't Half Hot, Mum (1974-81).
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113. Hardiman was the last
of the leading roles to be filled:
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114. Hewlett's contract was issued
on 29 December, a week before
he was required on location.
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115. The other leads
were cast earlier in the month:
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116. Chinn,
Filer and Axos,
and Winser.
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117. Several of the guest actors
shared agents with series regulars:
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118. Richard Franklin's agent
also represented Peter Bathurst,
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119. Roger Delgado's also looked
after Bernard Holley,
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120. and Katy Manning's agent
also had Kenneth Benda
On her books.
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121. In the script,
the Master puts on his General's voice
and asks Benton, "No salute, Sergeant?"
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122. Those handcuffs
led to an awkward incident
during recording
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123. when the key was temporarily mislaid,
leaving Roger Delgado
unhappily immobilised.
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124. The reactor "has suddenly
acquired a mind of its own",
says Hardiman in the script.
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125. "Not a mind of its own,"
replies the Master; "the mind of Axos."
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126. but by the start of December,
a fifth day had been squeezed out
of the schedule and budget.
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127. The crew travelled down to Kent
on the afternoon of Sunday 3 January.
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128. The actors followed
on a BBC coach the next day,
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129. though Pertwee, Grist, and Hewlett
all opted to drive themselves down.
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130. Work continued until 5.30 p.m.,
with a fifteen-minute break
each morning and afternoon
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131. and an hour for lunch,
served by the location caterers,
Cinefood.
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132. Filming wrapped at 6 p.m. On the Friday,
8 January,
and the unit returned to London.
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133. This scene
was substantially restructured
in rehearsal by the actors and director.
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134. The Master's technical explanation
was moved up from the end of the scene,
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135. so that Roger Delgado could use
his impeccable comic timing
in the line coming up.
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136. The "claws" of Axos
(the waving tentacles
which appear again in the next scene)
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137. Were operated like glove puppets
by effects assistants Dave Havard,
Colin Mapson, and Jim Ward:
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138. One problem with this arrangement
was that they had no way
of seeing what they were doing,
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139. Another difficulty arose from the fact
that the effects men
had other duties on set:
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140. They had the undulating Axos walls
to operate,
not to mention the eye,
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141. so they couldn't always be on standby,
ready to thrash their tentacles.
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142. On the first take of this scene,
they arrived in position
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143. to find the floor manager
already cueing Jon Pertwee.
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144. Pertwee duly whizzed past
with the effects men
still struggling into the claws.
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145. "I'm just salting up
the renewal mechanism,"
says the Master in the script.
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146. One inspiration for the Axos visuals
was the BBC's long-running chart show,
Top of the Pops (1964-2006).
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147. contributed by Crab Nebula Light Show,
a specialist group run by Pat Chapman.
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148. That's because Crab Nebula
did them both!
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149. Also seen in this episode were:
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150. Mildred Brown
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151. Clinton Morris
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152. Victor Croxford
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153. David Aldridge, Steve King
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154. Douglas Roe, Clive Roger
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155. Nick Hobbs
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156. And now, the missing credit:
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157. Monsters by
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158. Other uncredited
production contributors included:
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159. Ros Parker
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160. Chris Fox
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161. Alec Wheal
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