1. "Eldrad appears.
The Doctor and Sarah face the challenge
of an alien master-mind."
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2. This episode was first shown on 16 October 1976.
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3. It was seen by 11.1 million viewers,
nearly a million more than the previous week.
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4. In the draft scripts,
it was envisaged that the Nunton control room
would barely be needed after these opening scenes.
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5. There was to be just one more short scene
in the wrecked set,
the Director's phone call to the authorities.
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6. This meant that the visual effects team
were given carte blanche
to be as destructive as they liked.
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7. "The power surges blow out
bank after bank of controls," said the script.
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8. "There can be explosions and breaking glass."
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9. Then some scenes were relocated to
the control room, so the new instructions read:
"The systems must not be too badly damaged."
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10. This exchange was developed
by the actors in rehearsal.
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11. When he wasn't actually working on his scenes,
Tom Baker read intensively
during the rehearsal period.
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12. He would bring several different books
to work with him,
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13. not to mention The Times.'
He used to do the crossword
whilst queuing for lunch in the canteen.
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14. The serial was made in one of the smaller studios
available at Television Centre, Studio 8.
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15. Five studio days were allocated,
the usual number for a four-part serial.
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16. On the first day of a block of recording sessions,
the morning would be spent
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17. erecting and lighting the sets
and rigging the studio technically.
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18. Camera rehearsals began after lunch, at 2 p.m.
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19. When the sets were already up, however,
camera rehearsals started 10.30,
as soon as the cast had been dressed and made up.
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20. Recording took place in the evenings.
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21. The cast and crew had an hour's dinner break
from 6 p.m., followed by half-an-hour's line-up.
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22. Recording started at 7.30,
and was scheduled to last until 10 p.m.
- And overruns were expensive.
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23. As well as taping the actors' performances
and those effects which were to be done "live",
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24. all the pre-filmed sequences
had to be transferred onto videotape
during that two-and-a-half hour recording period.
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25. At ten-o'-clock, half an hour
was allowed for the cameras and props
to be cleared away.
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26. The script calls for "alarming inhuman sounds"
coming from inside the nuclear pile.
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27. In the script, the Doctor replies,
"Of course it is, and it's still hungry."
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28. In the script, Watson asks for
the C. In C. Defence and the Minister.
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29. With time at a premium
during the recording sessions,
the pressure was on to get things right first time.
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30. There were a total of 98 unplanned retakes
during the entire thirteen hours of recording time.
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31. That's not bad going when you consider
that the five studio sessions
completed 643 different shots.
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32. Only thirteen retakes were caused
by actors fluffing their lines.
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33. The rest were for technical reasons,
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34. like intruding shadows and wrongly framed shots.
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35. This is a cut-in effects shot of a reproduction door.
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36. It's made of polystyrene,
and melts when sprayed from behind
with the solvent acetone.
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37. In the script, they leave in Watson's car,
described as an "F Type".
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38. This sequence worried the authorities at Oldbury,
who pointed out
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39. that low-flying aircraft near the power station
would infringe the safety regulations.
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40. Production Assistant Marion McDougall
reassured them that the planes
would be cut in from stock footage.
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41. Some of it was shot for the BBC science series,
Tomorrow's World.
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42. They aren't always the same type of plane.
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43. In the establishing shots they're Harriers,
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44. but the bombing run footage shows Buccaneers,
an older model of attack aircraft introduced in 1962.
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45. The script asked for an even more up-to-date make:
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46. Panavia Multi-Role Combat Aircraft,
a European fighter-bomber and interceptor
which first flew in 1974.
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47. The Oldbury exteriors were shot
on a very windy June day.
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48. Elisabeth Sladen kept warm between takes
in her yellow plastic mac.
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49. Sarah's distinctive watch
belonged to Elisabeth herself.
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50. "You mean they forgot to take the pins out?"
Says Sarah in the script, alluding to grenades.
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51. The finished serial includes
738 feet of specially shot film
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52. On the first take,
there was so much billowing smoke
that Eldrad just couldn't be seen.
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53. The script describes Eldrad as
"a humanoid of dazzling white radiance",
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54. while an earlier draft asked for a
"skin-tight metallic red crystalline jumpsuit".
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55. The eventual costume was so skin-tight
that the actress had to be sewn into it.
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56. Her mobility was then severely restricted:
She couldn't sit down, lie down,
or answer calls of nature.
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57. For convenience, she wasn't fully suited up
until recording began in the evening.
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58. For camera rehearsals,
she wore the make-up and headpiece,
but her own clothes from the neck down.
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59. It was an immensely complex piece
of costume manufacture,
and there wasn't time to finish it
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60. by 14 June, when it was required
on location at the quarry.
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61. That's why, later in the episode,
you only see Eldrad in long shot
as she walks across the quarry to the Tardis.
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62. In the script, she retorts,
"What, change the habit of a lifetime?"
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63. The expressions of mutual concern
topping and tailing this dialogue
were the actors' unscripted contributions.
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64. In the script, he quotes the "I'm from Earth" line
at her before she can say it herself,
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65. and she in turn pre-empts his injunction
to be careful.
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66. This is the power station's turbine hall,
where the actual electricity is generated.
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67. Eldrad's costume crackled
as the actress moved in it.
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68. It also kept shedding crystals onto the floor.
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69. Between shots, her dresser would rush onto the set
and stick them back on.
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70. Her facial crystals were glued directly,
and uncomfortably, onto her cheeks.
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71. She also wears a pair of contact lenses,
specially made for the serial
by the firm Keeler of Marylebone Lane.
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72. In the first draft,
Eldrad speaks with the voice of Dr Carter.
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73. Her voice was treated with a vocoder
in post-production to make it deeper
and more masculine.
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74. Body notwithstanding, the writers envisaged Eldrad
as a male character throughout.
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75. The Doctor has two hearts, and crosses them both -
Tom Baker's unscripted contribution.
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76. The glowing eyes were achieved
with Front Axial Projection,
a technique which uses a reflected beam of light.
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77. The reflective material was stuck over
the actress's eyes, and catch the blue light
as she raises her head into the beam.
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78. The effect proved difficult to achieve in the studio,
and had to be remounted on a later recording day.
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79. The female form of Eldrad
was the serial's final star part,
alongside Professor Watson and the regulars.
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80. It was also by far the hardest part to cast.
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81. Lennie Mayne considered eleven names,
and, despite the scripted emphasis
on Eldrad's masculinity,
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82. he looked mainly at the glamorous end
of the profession.
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83. He concentrated on actresses of around
Elisabeth Sladen's age,
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84. though a few were slightly younger,
and one nine years older, born in 1939.
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85. Several of the actresses on his list
had played female leads
in ITC adventure series of the 1960s.
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86. A number of them proved to be unavailable:
One was working in Melbourne,
and another was pregnant.
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87. The casting process took place over several weeks
in late May and early June.
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88. The first actors to be cast were contracted
on Friday 28 May.
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89. They were John Cannon,
Frances Pidgeon,
and Roy Skelton.
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90. Two of the major roles followed on 1 June:
Glyn Houston
And Rex Robinson,
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91. and Roy Pattison and Renu Setna
Got their contracts on the same day.
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92. But all that time,
Lennie Mayne was still urgently seeking
his principal Eldrad.
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93. Red-haired Judith Paris, who finally got the part,
had been seen most recently
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94. as one of the mischievous nude sunbathers
in The Girls of Slender Means (1975).
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95. In her overall career profile,
it is her work with Ken Russell that stands out.
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96. Russell cast her in, among others,
Dante's Inferno (1967), The Devils (1971),
The Rainbow (1989), and Lady Chatterley (1993).
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97. He also directed her on stage as the
singer Lotte Lenya in her own script,
Weill and Lenya (2000).
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98. She continued her play-writing with
La Goulue of the Moulin Rouge (2001)
And When Florence Met Isadora (2005).
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99. In the theatre, her powerful voice
(never, of course, heard untreated in
'The Hand of Fear')
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100. Has featured in several high-profile
West End musicals,
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101. including The Secret Garden (2000),
The Phantom of the Opera (2004),
and My Fair Lady (2006).
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102. Note the effects of theatrical voice production here.
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103. Her contract was issued on 7 June,
just a week before filming began,
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104. and on the same day she had her first meeting
with Barbara Lane, the costume designer.
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105. That was why the costume wasn't ready
in time for the filming:
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106. It had to be made specifically to fit
whichever actress was cast.
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107. An armourer was present in the studio
when this sequence was recorded on 7 July.
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108. Watson's gun was loaded with blanks,
but its use still had to be supervised.
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109. The script describes the Kastrians' body surface
as "marble-textured".
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110. Eldrad calls herself "the master architect of Kastria"
in a scripted line dropped from
the finished programme.
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111. "Without me, there would be no Kastria," she says.
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112. In the draft script,
the Director uses a machine gun, ineffectually:
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113. "Eldrad walks straight forward
into a hail of bullets."
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114. Another source drawn on by
'The Hand of Fear' is the 1961 BBC serial,
A for Andromeda,
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115. in which a disembodied alien being
constructs a body for itself
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116. using the pattern of another character
in the serial, again a young woman.
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117. In the script, the Doctor adds,
"What's the life of one misguided primitive worth?"
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118. In the script, he also says,
"I have a duty to this man."
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119. But Eldrad thinks his higher duty is to her:
"I hold you to your promise.
Let us be gone - away from here."
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120. Note the concealed fastenings
down the back of Eldrad's costume.
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121. and Eldrad is taller still,
thanks to the heel lifts built into the costume.
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122. The first studio recording block
was bedevilled with technical problems.
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123. The print of the film sequences
turned out to be of poor quality,
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124. so the job of transferring them to videotape
had to be postponed until the second block.
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125. At a very early stage,
it was mooted to combine the characters of Driscoll
and the Director's Assistant into a single person.
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126. The idea was dropped
because it would have left Watson
with no-one to talk to in this sequence.
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127. The recording of this episode was split
across two studio blocks.
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128. The power station sequences
were recorded on 7 July.
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129. The Tardis and Kastrian scenes followed
on the first day of the second block, 19 July.
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130. The final day, Tuesday 20 July,
covered the Kastrian catacombs in Part 4
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131. and also picked up all the material
postponed from the first block.
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132. With so much to do, it was quite an achievement
that recording finished only 30 minutes later
than scheduled, at 10.30 p.m.
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133. In the script,
he adds that the inevitable enquiry will
"probably take twenty years.
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134. "This plant cost £400 million to build,
and look at it.
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135. "There'll probably be 400 million questions!
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136. "That'll be the first of them,"
he says as the red hotline rings.
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137. "They'll put me in a padded cell
when I try to explain."
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138. In the script, Eldrad assesses
the Tardis as a potential weapon:
"Such a device could be useful - against traitors."
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139. "You do go on," says Sarah.
"It's not good being obsessed with revenge.
Paranoid."
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140. "It's not surprising after all that time,"
observes the Doctor.
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141. In the draft script, Eldrad prompts this discussion
by trying to fire her ring at the Doctor.
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142. He has allowed her to set
the co-ordinates for Kastria herself,
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143. as a test to see
if she will contravene his conditions
by trying to go back in time.
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144. But then lights flash and
"the Tardis machinery starts to hiccup and jerk".
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145. "Oh no... Off course again," says Sarah.
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146. The Doctor goes to check
Eldrad's co-ordinates, but she takes offence
and raises her ring menacingly.
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147. The authors were unsure about
the ensuing temporal grace dialogue,
and marked it as a possible cut.
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148. Kastria's scripted co-ordinates were:
"370 DK 422 K2326212211222111 etc etc".
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149. Tom Baker ad libbed
an alternative set of co-ordinates
based on telephone numbers,
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150. including those for the BBC Television Centre,
Scotland Yard (WHI 1212),
the Doctor Who production office,
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151. and even his own former home phone number,
which he'd recently had changed.
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152. "I nearly ran out of telephone numbers!"
Exclaimed Tom after the scene was shot.
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153. Don't bother trying to ring the numbers:
They've all changed since 1976!
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154. This is the second consecutive serial in which
Sarah Jane is shown eating fruit.
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155. Perhaps, somewhere
at the back of somebody's mind,
was a letter to the Radio Times the previous year,
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156. in which a lady from Winchester suggested
that the characters in Doctor Who were all androids.
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157. If not, she asked, why were they never seen to eat?
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158. Why don't they sleep, wash or comb their hair,
or perform other everyday functions?
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159. Showing more of their private lives, she said,
would be a lot less boring than all the chases,
sliding doors, and flashing lights!
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160. The model dome and landscape were built
by Colin Mapson and Steve Drewett,
with the help of Charlie Lumm.
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161. The earliest cast member to arrive at the studio
each morning was Judith Paris,
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162. because Eldrad's costume and make-up
took two-and-a-half hours longer
than anyone else's.
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163. There is "a curious look of triumph"
on Eldrad's face, says the script.
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164. "Once it was a pleasant land,"
says Eldrad in the script.
"Now the solar winds have claimed it for their own."
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165. The "snow" is cabosil,
a fine powder of silicon dioxide
which is commonly used as a thickening agent.
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166. In the script, Eldrad dismisses the Doctor:
"Your duty is discharged."
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167. "I'll just see you to the door,"
says Sarah with polite dislike.
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168. "Just a minute," insists the Doctor.
"Don't tell me my duty."
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169. If it is his duty as a Time Lord
to prevent alien aggression, he reasons,
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170. then he must accompany Eldrad,
who is indigenous to Kastria,
"until I am sure the aliens no longer threaten you.
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171. "Besides which, I'm curious."
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172. Tom Baker liked to suggest that the Doctor
doesn't feel the cold,
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173. which is why he has lent his coat
to the shivering Sarah.
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174. Mid-1970s Doctor Who serials
often had the problems
of energy supply at their margins.
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175. This was topical stuff
in the wake of the oil crisis of 1973,
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176. when the producers and exporters of fossil fuels
began to recognize
their economic and political strength.
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177. The Kastrian dart was made
by effects assistant Charlie Lumm.
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178. Also seen in this episode were:
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179. Tim Hooper, Roy Wadsworth
Bob Peters
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180. Uncredited production contributors
to this serial included:
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181. Martin Ridout, Andy Stacey
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182. John Pritchard
Dennis Johnson
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183. Laurie Bush
Jennie Betts
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184. Mervin Bezar, Gail Clarkson
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185. Fred Wright
Ken Ayres
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186. Judith Lang
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187. Joy Sinclair
My gift to Kastria.
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188. I have come to claim my kingdom.
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189. Come, we will descend to the thermal chambers.
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