1. "Leela is a prisoner of the phantom.
And the Doctor goes shooting
in London's sewers!" (Radio Times)
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2. This episode was first shown
on 12 March 1977, when it was seen
by 10.2 million viewers.
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3. Coming up is a sequence skilfully staged
and edited to suggest
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4. that Leela actually throws a knife
at Mr Sin.
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5. In fact,
the knife never leaves her hand,
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6. and it's already in Sin's neck
at the start of the next shot.
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7. The jaunty tune the Doctor's whistling
is Kenneth Alford's military march
'Colonel Bogey',
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8. which was written in 1914.
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9. Louise Jameson had a shock
when she read in the script
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10. "Leela does a forward roll up
onto the dining table,
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11. "two steps down its length,
and dives head-first
through the curtains
across the window bay."
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12. Louise promptly phoned the producer
and said, "No, she doesn't!"
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13. And that's why
you're now watching Stuart Fell.
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14. This jump wasn't the only danger
Stuart had to face.
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15. Doctor Who was a programme
predominantly made and crewed by men,
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16. so it wasn't always
a very woman-friendly environment.
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17. A few of the cameramen and electricians
took a "hands-on" approach
to the actresses,
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18. and in Leela's costume, from behind,
Stuart Fell looked just the same
as Louise Jameson,
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19. with consequences
best left to your imagination.
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20. "Do you have to put up with this
all day?" Stuart asked Louise
after suffering a few mistaken gropes.
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21. So why didn't they use
a female stunt double?
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22. Because at this time there were very few
female stunt performers in the business,
and none were available.
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23. But the next stunt was done by a woman.
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24. It's Louise herself
climbing onto the back of the carriage.
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25. Sherlock Holmes also tails a suspect
that way in A Study in Scarlet (1887).
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26. In an exchange
cut from the episode's opening sequence,
Leela says she thinks Mr Sin
is "not a robot, but not alive",
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27. to which the Doctor retorts that
there's a lot of them about:
They're called commuters.
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28. In the script,
the Doctor suggests that the robbers
may have been Chinese art collectors,
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29. or perhaps
the K'ang-hsi vase's real owners.
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30. Philip Hinchcliffe
placed strong emphasis
on making the absurd seem believable,
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31. partly through the strength
of the acting performances,
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32. and partly through the design,
which had to convey the authenticity
of the environment.
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33. The serial's designer,
Roger Murray-Leach,
was David Maloney's choice, having
worked with him on Doctor Who before,
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34. but Maloney's preferred
make-up designer, Sylvia James,
proved to be unavailable.
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35. The trapdoor area seen here
is not part of the main cellar set.
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36. It's a small cutaway set
mounted on a rostrum
to enable Chang to descend in vision.
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37. For the role of Weng-Chiang,
David Maloney wanted an
actor with a strong, charismatic voice.
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38. The part
went to Michael Spice (died 1983),
who had already demonstrated
his aptitude
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39. by voicing the disembodied villain in
the previous year's Doctor Who serial
'The Brain of Morbius'.
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40. Maloney also knew Spice's theatre work,
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41. and the actor had extensive experience
in voice and radio work,
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42. including the regular role of Matt Prior
in the 1970s radio soap
Waggoner's Walk.
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43. Spice recognised the character's source
in The Phantom of the Opera,
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44. and this influenced his development
of the role.
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45. He played Weng-Chiang partly insane,
but partly pitiful
in his gradual disintegration.
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46. In the script,
Weng-Chiang says it is his "offerings"
which have enlarged the rats.
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47. Spice found Weng-Chiang's costume
hot and uncomfortable
under the studio lights.
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48. The leather mask
restricted his field of vision:
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49. Only able to see straight ahead,
he had to move by guesswork.
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50. So why does Weng-Chiang need young women
in particular?
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51. In the script
he gives a fuller explanation.
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52. "Males are chemically inferior,"
he says,
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53. while older women
who have borne children
have "nothing worth extracting".
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54. "Maidens at the point of puberty
are the ideal material."
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55. Unfortunately for him,
as Chang points out,
in most societies
they are also closely guarded.
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56. Notice how the candles have burnt down
since the scenes set the night before.
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57. What the Doctor points out
as the Fleet is actually the Thames,
and vice versa!
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58. There really was a London theatre
built over an old watercourse:
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59. The Sadler's Wells Theatre in Finsbury,
which operated as a music hall
from 1879 to 1896.
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60. The Fleet was progressively covered
between 1737 and 1769.
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61. In point of fact, Bede (AD 673-735)
Never visited London-
perhaps the Doctor took the salmon
up to Jarrow in the Tardis!
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62. Perhaps he also supplied
the 1977 newspaper visible
in the laundry basket.
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63. The gun wasn't really made
in Birmingham, or even China,
but London,
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64. by a team of effects assistants
working under George Reed.
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65. Reed made the rifle's barrel
and working parts.
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66. The wood and brass fittings
were the work of John Brace
and Andy Lazell.
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67. The script describes Teresa
as a "lady of the night",
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68. though in reality
most East End prostitutes
were middle-aged and insalubrious.
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69. Teresa is speaking Cockney
rhyming slang: "rosie"
is "rosie lee" (tea) and "plates"
are "plates of meat" (feet).
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70. This scene was mostly filmed
on the afternoon
of Thursday 16 December,
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71. but the next shot is an insert
recorded later in the studio,
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72. because the electronic overlay
creating the hypnotic white light
was achievable only on videotape.
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73. Filming added value to scenes like this,
but it was also a costly
and wasteful process.
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74. For this serial,
the amount of 16mm film shot
totalled 9,425 feet.
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75. The amount of film used
in the finished programmes
is just 614 feet.
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76. The total cost of the film footage
was £1,178,
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77. but this was a bill
which incoming production unit manager
John Nathan-Turner
somehow managed to avoid having to pay!
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78. Cackling theatre cleaners also feature
in the 1962 Hammer Films version
of The Phantom of the Opera.
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79. It was established earlier that
Leela feels awkward and uncomfortable
in her period clothes.
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80. The point is subtly reinforced
in the way she wears her tie crooked,
because she doesn't know
(or even know how) to straighten it.
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81. The noise Leela hears
is made by the doves from Chang's act,
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82. but not by the doves in the background:
The sound was dubbed on later.
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83. This scene was shot
on a dreary, drizzly Friday morning
at the end of the filming week.
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84. The location is St Katherine's Dock,
to the east of the Tower of London.
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85. It's well downstream of the River Fleet,
which is at the west end
of central London
near the street which bears its name.
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86. In the script, the Doctor
won't hear of abandoning the enterprise,
as Litefoot suggests.
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87. He calls the Professor some rude names,
"noodlepate" and "jabbernowl",
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88. whereas he's ludicrously reverent
about Birmingham, which he calls
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89. "the city of craftsmen".
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90. To be fair, it is a good gun.
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91. It's so responsive to the Doctor's
reflexes that, according to the script,
it nearly goes off early
at the end of the episode.
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92. In the script,
Weng-Chiang's first command is:
"Take those clothes off!"
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93. Michael Spice's
ungainly physical performance
suggests the extent
of Weng-Chiang's bodily deformity.
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94. The sewer set,
which appears in the next scene,
caused some headaches in the studio.
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95. The problem was that the set
wasn't sufficiently waterproof:
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96. The "sewer" water escaped
and seeped down to the floor below.
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97. Unfortunately Studio 1
at Television Centre
was immediately above
the main telephone switchboard,
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98. so the BBC was brought to a standstill
that day (24 January 1977).
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99. Two sections of sewer
were built in the studio,
one with a bend at one end,
the other straight.
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100. There was a long concealed aperture
in the roof to facilitate
lighting the set.
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101. Robert Holmes originally imagined
the distillation machine differently.
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102. The script describes it
as a "patent liquidiser".
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103. It encloses the victim's body,
leaving just a "head in a box" visible;
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104. a shining ball hangs down on a rod
on each side,
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105. and when the machine operates,
lightning arcs through
the victim's head.
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106. The process leaves no residue:
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107. The cleaner has completely disappeared
when Leela switches off.
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108. She has literally been liquidated,
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109. and Weng-Chiang is later seen to ingest
her life essence intravenously.
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110. Originally he was to escape Leela
by feigning death.
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111. The script refers to Weng-Chiang's gun
as a "light-bolt magnum".
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112. The next shot required some work
by the scene-shifters:
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113. Three sections of the sewer wall
were removed to get this camera angle.
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114. This serial required
an exceptionally large number
of walk-on performers and extras,
many of them oriental.
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115. The cost of these non-speaking artists
in fees and expenses
came to a total of £1,909.20.
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116. For the location sequences,
they were mainly supplied
by the Alander Agency in London
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117. but for the studio recordings
the production team went
to the specialist
Oriental Casting Agency,
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118. only to end up
with the same performers as before!
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119. The chimes you can hear
are a recording of the original bells
of St Clement's,
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120. from London's church
of St Clement Dane in the Strand.
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121. Robert Holmes often wrote scenes
in which characters make large,
false assumptions
about what is going on.
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122. This enables them to make sense
of the anachronistic anomaly
of the Doctor in their own terms,
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123. and so believe they're taking part
in a completely different story.
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124. Here Jago reinvents the Doctor
as Sherlock Holmes in all but name,
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125. and supposes himself to be
a collaborator
in a large-scale police operation,
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126. whereas in fact
the police have less and less to do
with events as the serial goes on!
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127. It was originally intended to use
model shots to show the giant rat,
but that just wasn't viable:
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128. The rat had to perform
specified actions,
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129. and it needed to be in shot
with Leela at the end of this episode.
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130. They just had to make
a full-size giant rat.
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131. The task fell to the costume designer,
John Bloomfield.
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132. Bloomfield began his career
as a set designer in the theatre,
and joined the BBC in 1969.
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133. One of his first jobs there
was The Six Wives of Henry VIII.
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134. The prestigious period drama
was still well remembered in 1977,
and was mentioned
in pre-publicity for this serial.
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135. Bloomfield began work
immediately after completing
another Doctor Who serial,
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136. 'The Face of Evil' (1977),
for which he had designed
Leela's original leather costume.
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137. He built the rat by laying the fur
over a wooden framework.
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138. The creature's dimensions
were calculated from scale drawings
of real rats.
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139. Effects assistant Andy Lazell
animated the rat's rubber nose
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140. using a bellows to make it twitch
its rubber whiskers.
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141. The camera script calls
the full-sized version "Rat Fell"-
because inside the costume
is the long-suffering Stuart Fell.
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142. Later, in a routine review meeting
with the production team,
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143. the BBC's Head of Serials,
Graeme McDonald,
singled out the giant rat
as the serial's only flaw.
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144. Real sewer rats are slimy,
he pointed out,
but the fur on the costume
hadn't been greased.
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145. It was just too cuddly.
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146. To finish,
here's a choice stage direction
from the script:
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147. "The crazed blood-cries of
a relentless carnivore bearing down
upon its prey echo
and re-echo through the tunnel."
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148. Also seen in this episode were
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149. Mary Maxted,
Rita Tobin (Theatre Cleaners)
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150. Frederick Cresswell (Waterman)
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151. No rats were harmed
in the making of this serial.
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