1. This episode was first shown
on 24 February, 1973
and was seen by 9.1 million viewers.
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2. The script calls this "a stubby, plain,
workmanlike vessel, old and battered,
the equivalent of a tramp steamer".
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3. The space pilots are described
as "tough, laconic" men
doing a routine job.
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4. There are a few things that
were relatively new-fangled in 1973,
but have become commonplace.
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5. "Clunk click".
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6. This moment was parodied
in an episode of The Goodies
shown on 8 December,1973.
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7. At first, scriptwriter Malcolm Hulke
planned to start
from the opposite point of view.
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8. The first scene
in his original storyline
takes place inside the TARDIS.
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9. The Doctor and Jo are travelling
through the space-time continuum,
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10. when the TARDIS
is struck by sudden turbulence.
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11. The spaceship emerges
from the space-time continuum
with the TARDIS inside it.
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12. The TARDIS control room set
was very large and it wasn't economical
to put it up for just a single scene,
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13. so that opening sequence in the TARDIS
had to be dropped.
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14. This dialogue was unscripted,
worked out by the actors in rehearsal.
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15. This is the second serial in a row
in which the Doctor and Jo have arrived
in the hold of a cargo ship.
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16. Spaceships were central to the
imaginative genesis of this serial.
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17. In 1971, the BBC acquired a large stock
of models from Gerry Anderson's
defunct production company, Century 21.
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18. The Doctor Who production team
saw an opportunity
to mount a low-cost space spectacular.
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19. Doctor Who's modest budget usually
kept such costly effects sequences
to a minimum,
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20. to arrange the sets so that
the cameras could see everything.
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21. When we cut to the next shot,
remember this one and think about
where the camera must be.
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22. It's an "impossible" camera angle.
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23. The close-ups of Hardy were recorded
after the master shot and cut in later.
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24. The Head of Visual Effects, Jack Kine,
sent Barry Letts an unambiguous memo
on 17 April, 1972:
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25. "NONE of the Thunderbird models
can be used in any Doctor Who.
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26. Once dismantled,
the "carcasses" were simply discarded.
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27. "Doctor Who warms to his subject,"
says the script.
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28. The practicalities of space travel
were still a matter of topical interest
in the early 1970s.
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29. The image is blurred with Vaseline.
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30. The vaseline was smeared
on a transparent surface
in front of the camera lens.
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31. The Doctor and Jo
encountered the carnivorous Drashigs
in 'Carnival of Monsters'.
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32. Then we cut to a point-of-view shot
showing the Draconian ship,
now filling the screen.
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33. Look at the digital clock
to Stewart's right.
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34. It was showing 22.09 earlier,
but now we seem
to have gone back in time.
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35. The episode was mostly recorded
in story order, but the clock
was wrongly reset between shots.
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36. The viewer screens were an afterthought:
Hulke originally imagined the cargo ship
as equipped only with sound radio.
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37. Eight planes had been seized
by terrorists in the three years
before Hulke began writing his scripts.
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38. The Draconian Prince, says the script,
"is a young warrior, proud and
a little arrogant, like all Draconians."
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39. The President, meanwhile, is
"an attractive woman in her forties.
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40. "A strong personality,
but still warm and feminine."
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41. A female head of state
was a rarity in 1973,
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42. but again 'Frontier in Space'
shows a future in which
the unusual has become commonplace.
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43. The script emphasises
that the President's gender
should simply be taken for granted:
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44. "Nothing 'Women's Lib' about her:
That battle was won long ago and
she is not the first woman President."
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45. Briefed for spaceships and inspired
by hijackings, Hulke also wanted
a diplomatic aspect to the scenario.
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46. In 'Balance of Terror',
two space empires
are separated by a "Neutral Zone".
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47. The episode begins with
an attack on a Federation outpost,
apparently by the Romulan Empire.
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48. The Neutral Zone,
like the Earth-Draconian frontier,
was established after a war.
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49. Hulke adopted that bit of the idea
relatively late in the process
of story development,
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50. to give some definition
to the character of General Williams,
who doesn't feature in the storyline.
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51. The storyline simply describes how
the expanding empires agreed a frontier
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52. "to separate
their two spheres of interest".
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53. It hasn't been
an entirely harmonious coexistence:
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54. Two contiguous power blocs
with markedly different cultures
and political systems.
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55. Hulke himself was a Communist.
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56. Unlike many of his contemporaries,
he believed that East and West
could coexist peacefully.
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57. Doctor Who was popular
with most BBC executives at this time,
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58. so the thrust of the discussion
was simply to welcome
"a good start to another good story".
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59. The Doctor and Jo
visited the planet Solos
in 'The Mutants' the year before.
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60. She had long believed that Doctor Who
was too frightening for younger viewers.
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61. criticising the amount of violence in
programmes that were seen by children,
such as Doctor Who, she suggested.
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62. Paul Fox, the Controller of BBC One,
wasn't having any of that.
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63. He understood that the survey results
had been slanted
by the way the questions had been asked.
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64. "If you surrender your cargo,"
it promises, "you will be unharmed."
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65. Stewart - the younger, more senior,
less worried spaceman - is played
by James Culliford (1927-2002).
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66. 'Frontier in Space' was to be
his last professional acting job.
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67. The BBC didn't employ
another black newsreader until 1981.
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68. In 1973, the "family allowance"
was a weekly government payment
to mothers of more than one child.
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69. That joke slightly overshadows the one
about two "totally enclosed" cities
being "opened",
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70. "The President switches off in disgust,"
says the script.
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71. "Or someone leaked the story,"
is her scripted reply.
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72. This line was unscripted,
worked out in rehearsal.
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73. "So where's the battle cruiser
that's coming to rescue us?"
Asks Hardy in the script.
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74. "We're still a long way out,"
replies Stewart.
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75. Jon Pertwee's Doctor was always
"reversing the polarity"
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76. The actor liked the phrase,
because it saved him having to learn
a new screed of technobabble every time.
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77. In the next shot,
note the reflection in the cell door
of something moving in the studio.
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78. Look at the top left corner.
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79. That was part of the studio lighting rig
in shot.
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80. The door "dissolves in a cloud of smoke"
in the script.
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81. And roll end credits!
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82. In the script, the President
is dictating an official statement
into "a futuristic dictaphone".
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83. Script editor Terrance Dicks
wanted to capture viewers' attention
as early as possible,
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84. by running another serial
which would serve as a lead-in
to the Dalek adventure.
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85. He thought of that first serial,
which became 'Frontier in Space',
as giving the Doctor a problem to solve,
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86. and that may be one reason
why Hulke was drafted in
to write the "lead-in" serial.
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87. But there has been no similar break
for the Doctor and Jo.
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88. They are still wearing their costumes
from 'Carnival of Monsters',
which was recorded in June.
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89. Strange as it may seem,
one thing to keep an eye on
in 'Frontier in Space' is Jo's knees.
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90. But you won't find out why
until the next episode!
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91. The production team wanted to establish
a clear link to the Daleks,
despite the Doctor's misdirection here.
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92. Hulke had hoped to keep
viewers' first sight of the Ogrons back
until slightly later in the episode.
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93. In most other respects,
the storyline is structurally very close
to the version that ended up on screen.
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94. The complexities of recording
some of the effects live in the studio
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95. meant that this episode overran its
scheduled two hours of recording time
by 17 minutes.
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96. Overruns were frowned upon at the BBC,
because they resulted in hefty
overtime payments for actors and crew.
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97. Note the metal crates under the chairs,
which bring the seats high enough for
the pilots to work at the control desk.
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98. 'Frontier in Space'
was an early assignment
for costume designer Barbara Kidd.
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99. She contributed frocks
to another eight Doctor Who serials,
ending with 'Kinda' (1982).
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100. Uncredited production contributors
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101. Tommy Dawson
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102. Mike Turner
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103. Christopher Moss
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104. - Ogrons!
Back to the TARDIS, Jo. Back!
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105. Doctor! Doctor!
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106. Distress signals
have been received
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107. from another Earth cargo ship,
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108. reporting an attack
by a Draconian battle cruiser.
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109. Rescue ships are now on their way.
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110. There have been anti-Draconian riots
in Tokyo and Belgrade,
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111. and the Draconian Consulate in Helsinki
has been burnt to the ground.
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112. In Los Angeles, demonstrators burnt
an effigy of you.
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113. Yes?
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114. They have just found the cargo ship,
Madam President,
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115. - but it is not responding to signals.
- And the Draconians?
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116. There is no sign of
any Draconian ships, sir.
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117. - They are about to board... now.
- Thank you.
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118. We shall soon know what really happened.
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119. If there's anyone alive to tell them.
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120. JO: Doctor?
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121. - Jo?
- JO: Doctor!
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122. - Jo?
- JO: Doctor, I'm over here.
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123. All right, Jo, what are
you doing in there?
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124. Oh, Doctor, thank goodness,
you're all right.
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125. I thought they'd killed you.
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126. Come on, come and sit down.
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127. Must have been some kind of
neuronic stun gun.
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128. I wonder why they didn't kill me?
What exactly happened, Jo?
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129. Well, they took the cargo,
threw me in here and...
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130. - Doctor?
- Hmm?
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131. - They also took the TARDIS.
- Oh...
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132. Oh, we're stranded.
What are we going to do?
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133. Well, try and get
the TARDIS back, of course.
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134. Why should the Ogrons attack this ship?
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135. - To steal the cargo.
- No. No, there's more to it than that.
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136. That... That sound that you heard,
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137. it's all too sophisticated
for the Ogrons.
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138. - Well, they're gone now.
- Yeah, the question is, where?
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139. Hey, Doctor, last time we met the Ogrons
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140. they were working for the Daleks, right?
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141. - Well, you don't suppose that that...
- No, no, not necessarily.
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142. No, the Ogrons are mercenaries.
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143. Other life forms use them
to do their dirty work.
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144. Come on, Jo, let's go and find the crew.
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145. Take a look at that one.
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146. Well, they're both stunned,
just as I was.
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147. That's funny. The Ogrons
have repaired the airlock door.
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148. Well, that was nice of them.
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149. Well, if they hadn't,
we'd have both been done for.
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150. All the air would have escaped
when the ships unlocked.
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151. Why should they go to all that trouble?
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152. Well, maybe they've got kind hearts.
There's good in everyone you know, Jo.
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153. Earth battle cruiser
to Earth cargo ship number C982.
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154. We are now approaching you.
Do you read me?
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155. - Look after them, will you?
- Right.
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156. Do you read me?
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157. Earth battle cruiser
to Earth cargo ship number C982.
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158. We are now approaching you.
Do you read me? Over.
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159. Earth battle cruiser
to Earth cargo ship number C982.
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160. We are now approaching you.
Do you read me? Do you read me?
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161. Prepare to be boarded.
Repeat, prepare to be boarded.
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162. Do you read me? Over.
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163. Hello battle cruiser, battle cruiser,
this is the cargo ship. Over.
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164. What is your situation?
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165. The ship has been attacked
and the cargo stolen. Over.
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166. Do you have casualties?
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167. Yes, the crew are stunned, but otherwise
they're unharmed. Over.
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168. We shall lock on. Five seconds from now.
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169. It's all right, Jo.
We're being rescued.
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170. - What happened?
- Well, don't worry, old chap.
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171. You'll be all right now. I think...
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172. Draconians! They're boarding!
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173. - Stewart? Who are you?
- Passengers.
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174. I see. Having a fancy dress party?
What happened?
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175. - Dragons attacked us.
- Did they get the cargo?
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176. - I don't know.
- Yes, they took everything.
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177. Including some rather valuable
property of mine.
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178. - Well, tough luck.
- Oh, thank you very much.
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179. - Dragons... They attacked us.
- Yes, we know.
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180. You say you're passengers. Isn't that
a little unusual on a cargo ship?
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181. Well, we're here, aren't we?
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182. Where did you pick these two up?
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183. I don't know.
I can't seem to remember...
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184. Pull yourself together!
How did they get on board?
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185. Stowaways...
That's it, they were stowaways.
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186. - They were sending messages.
- That's right.
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187. They were helping the Dragons.
They're traitors!
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